In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components
Background: Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for a long time, its anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory roles of KRG-derived components, namely, water extract (KRG-WE), sa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845316301257 |
| _version_ | 1811235013012750336 |
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| author | Kwang-Soo Baek Young-Su Yi Young-Jin Son Sulgi Yoo Nak Yoon Sung Yong Kim Sungyoul Hong Adithan Aravinthan Jong-Hoon Kim Jae Youl Cho |
| author_facet | Kwang-Soo Baek Young-Su Yi Young-Jin Son Sulgi Yoo Nak Yoon Sung Yong Kim Sungyoul Hong Adithan Aravinthan Jong-Hoon Kim Jae Youl Cho |
| author_sort | Kwang-Soo Baek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for a long time, its anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory roles of KRG-derived components, namely, water extract (KRG-WE), saponin fraction (KRG-SF), and nonsaponin fraction (KRG-NSF), were investigated.
Methods: To check saponin levels in the test fractions, KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory roles and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these components were investigated using a macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7 cells) and an acute gastritis model in mice.
Results: Of the tested fractions, KGR-SF (but not KRG-NSF and KRG-WE) markedly inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes at more than 500 μg/mL significantly suppressed NO production at 100 μg/mL, diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-β at 200 μg/mL, and completely blocked phagocytic uptake by RAW264.7 cells. All three fractions suppressed luciferase activity triggered by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not that triggered by activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B. Phospho-IRF3 and phospho-TBK1 were simultaneously decreased in KRG-SF. Interestingly, all these fractions, when orally administered, clearly ameliorated the symptoms of gastric ulcer in HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis mice.
Conclusion: These results suggest that KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF might have anti-inflammatory properties, mostly because of the suppression of the IRF3 pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:45:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f1e76bbb04c4343a146df9989c2813e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1226-8453 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:45:04Z |
| publishDate | 2016-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f1e76bbb04c4343a146df9989c2813e2022-12-22T03:34:24ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532016-10-0140443744410.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.003In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived componentsKwang-Soo Baek0Young-Su Yi1Young-Jin Son2Sulgi Yoo3Nak Yoon Sung4Yong Kim5Sungyoul Hong6Adithan Aravinthan7Jong-Hoon Kim8Jae Youl Cho9Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, KoreaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, KoreaDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, KoreaDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, KoreaDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, KoreaDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, KoreaDepartment of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, KoreaDepartment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, KoreaBackground: Although Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally used for a long time, its anti-inflammatory role and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood. In this study, the anti-inflammatory roles of KRG-derived components, namely, water extract (KRG-WE), saponin fraction (KRG-SF), and nonsaponin fraction (KRG-NSF), were investigated. Methods: To check saponin levels in the test fractions, KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory roles and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of these components were investigated using a macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7 cells) and an acute gastritis model in mice. Results: Of the tested fractions, KGR-SF (but not KRG-NSF and KRG-WE) markedly inhibited the viability of RAW264.7 cells, and splenocytes at more than 500 μg/mL significantly suppressed NO production at 100 μg/mL, diminished mRNA expression of inflammatory genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-β at 200 μg/mL, and completely blocked phagocytic uptake by RAW264.7 cells. All three fractions suppressed luciferase activity triggered by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not that triggered by activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B. Phospho-IRF3 and phospho-TBK1 were simultaneously decreased in KRG-SF. Interestingly, all these fractions, when orally administered, clearly ameliorated the symptoms of gastric ulcer in HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that KRG-WE, KRG-NSF, and KRG-SF might have anti-inflammatory properties, mostly because of the suppression of the IRF3 pathway.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845316301257anti-inflammatory activitygastritisKorean Red Ginsengnonsaponin fractionsaponin fraction |
| spellingShingle | Kwang-Soo Baek Young-Su Yi Young-Jin Son Sulgi Yoo Nak Yoon Sung Yong Kim Sungyoul Hong Adithan Aravinthan Jong-Hoon Kim Jae Youl Cho In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components Journal of Ginseng Research anti-inflammatory activity gastritis Korean Red Ginseng nonsaponin fraction saponin fraction |
| title | In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components |
| title_full | In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components |
| title_fullStr | In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components |
| title_short | In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of Korean Red Ginseng-derived components |
| title_sort | in vitro and in vivo anti inflammatory activities of korean red ginseng derived components |
| topic | anti-inflammatory activity gastritis Korean Red Ginseng nonsaponin fraction saponin fraction |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845316301257 |
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