Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake
Milk is a natural fluid and as such contains small amounts of naturally occurring steroids. Human milk is recommended as the optimal source of nutrients for infants and young children, and it has been associated to several short- and long-term benefits. For this reason, its composition is used as a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/605 |
| _version_ | 1818657157652938752 |
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| author | Rocío Barreiro Patricia Regal Mónica Díaz-Bao Cristina A. Fente Alberto Cepeda |
| author_facet | Rocío Barreiro Patricia Regal Mónica Díaz-Bao Cristina A. Fente Alberto Cepeda |
| author_sort | Rocío Barreiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Milk is a natural fluid and as such contains small amounts of naturally occurring steroids. Human milk is recommended as the optimal source of nutrients for infants and young children, and it has been associated to several short- and long-term benefits. For this reason, its composition is used as a reference for designing infant formulas. However, the available information on the hormonal levels of these dairy products is scarce, and it is usually limited to estradiol and estrone. In the present study, six natural sex hormones (pregnenolone, progesterone, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and androstenedione) have been extracted from sixteen milk-based infant formulas and analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The purpose of this research was to quantify natural steroid hormones in various infant formulas, to provide food and nutrition practitioners with information to estimate intakes in children. In addition, data found in the literature was used for comparison. The findings suggest that there are certain similarities between bovine milk and dairy products for infants. Furthermore, the detected levels were in general lower than those observed in human milk and/or colostrum. The reported results represent a valuable addition to the current knowledge on natural hormone content of infant foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:37:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f20ba75e27a460da4b866fc075db226 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:37:01Z |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f20ba75e27a460da4b866fc075db2262022-12-21T22:05:06ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582015-10-014460562110.3390/foods4040605foods4040605Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary IntakeRocío Barreiro0Patricia Regal1Mónica Díaz-Bao2Cristina A. Fente3Alberto Cepeda4Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainMilk is a natural fluid and as such contains small amounts of naturally occurring steroids. Human milk is recommended as the optimal source of nutrients for infants and young children, and it has been associated to several short- and long-term benefits. For this reason, its composition is used as a reference for designing infant formulas. However, the available information on the hormonal levels of these dairy products is scarce, and it is usually limited to estradiol and estrone. In the present study, six natural sex hormones (pregnenolone, progesterone, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and androstenedione) have been extracted from sixteen milk-based infant formulas and analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The purpose of this research was to quantify natural steroid hormones in various infant formulas, to provide food and nutrition practitioners with information to estimate intakes in children. In addition, data found in the literature was used for comparison. The findings suggest that there are certain similarities between bovine milk and dairy products for infants. Furthermore, the detected levels were in general lower than those observed in human milk and/or colostrum. The reported results represent a valuable addition to the current knowledge on natural hormone content of infant foods.http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/605infant formulasteroid hormoneestrogenprogestogenandrogenbreast milkbovine milkdaily intakeLC-MS/MS |
| spellingShingle | Rocío Barreiro Patricia Regal Mónica Díaz-Bao Cristina A. Fente Alberto Cepeda Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake Foods infant formula steroid hormone estrogen progestogen androgen breast milk bovine milk daily intake LC-MS/MS |
| title | Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake |
| title_full | Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake |
| title_short | Analysis of Naturally Occurring Steroid Hormones in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS/MS and Contribution to Dietary Intake |
| title_sort | analysis of naturally occurring steroid hormones in infant formulas by hplc ms ms and contribution to dietary intake |
| topic | infant formula steroid hormone estrogen progestogen androgen breast milk bovine milk daily intake LC-MS/MS |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/4/4/605 |
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