Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses
Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220610/full |
| _version_ | 1797655988208140288 |
|---|---|
| author | Hyesun Jang Michele Matsuoka Marcelo Freire Marcelo Freire |
| author_facet | Hyesun Jang Michele Matsuoka Marcelo Freire Marcelo Freire |
| author_sort | Hyesun Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress in vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate the mortality and morbidity by infectious agents. Yet, organism replication and virus spread through mucosal tissues cannot be directly controlled by parenteral vaccines. A novel mitigation strategy is needed to elicit robust mucosal protection and broadly neutralizing activities to hamper virus entry mechanisms and inhibit transmission. This review focuses on the oral mucosa, which is a critical site of viral transmission and promising target to elicit sterile immunity. In addition to reviewing historic pandemics initiated by the zoonotic respiratory RNA viruses and the oral mucosal tissues, we discuss unique features of the oral immune responses. We address barriers and new prospects related to developing novel therapeutics to elicit protective immunity at the mucosal level to ultimately control transmission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:22:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f2190688ff64ef78b4feb5a17ecaf75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:22:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f2190688ff64ef78b4feb5a17ecaf752023-10-19T08:59:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-10-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12206101220610Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic virusesHyesun Jang0Michele Matsuoka1Marcelo Freire2Marcelo Freire3Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United StatesGenomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United StatesGenomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United StatesDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United StatesGlobal pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress in vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate the mortality and morbidity by infectious agents. Yet, organism replication and virus spread through mucosal tissues cannot be directly controlled by parenteral vaccines. A novel mitigation strategy is needed to elicit robust mucosal protection and broadly neutralizing activities to hamper virus entry mechanisms and inhibit transmission. This review focuses on the oral mucosa, which is a critical site of viral transmission and promising target to elicit sterile immunity. In addition to reviewing historic pandemics initiated by the zoonotic respiratory RNA viruses and the oral mucosal tissues, we discuss unique features of the oral immune responses. We address barriers and new prospects related to developing novel therapeutics to elicit protective immunity at the mucosal level to ultimately control transmission.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220610/fulloral mucosaRNA virusespandemicssaliva immunitymucosal vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Hyesun Jang Michele Matsuoka Marcelo Freire Marcelo Freire Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses Frontiers in Immunology oral mucosa RNA viruses pandemics saliva immunity mucosal vaccine |
| title | Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses |
| title_full | Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses |
| title_fullStr | Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses |
| title_short | Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses |
| title_sort | oral mucosa immunity ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses |
| topic | oral mucosa RNA viruses pandemics saliva immunity mucosal vaccine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220610/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hyesunjang oralmucosaimmunityultimatestrategytostopspreadingofpandemicviruses AT michelematsuoka oralmucosaimmunityultimatestrategytostopspreadingofpandemicviruses AT marcelofreire oralmucosaimmunityultimatestrategytostopspreadingofpandemicviruses AT marcelofreire oralmucosaimmunityultimatestrategytostopspreadingofpandemicviruses |