Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin
A simple one-step electrochemical deposition/activation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is highly desired for sensor configurations and remains a great challenge. Herein, we attempt an electrochemical route to exfoliate the g-C<sub>3</sub&g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6083 |
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| author | Vijayaraj Kathiresan Thenmozhi Rajarathinam Seulah Lee Suhkmann Kim Jaewon Lee Dinakaran Thirumalai Seung-Cheol Chang |
| author_facet | Vijayaraj Kathiresan Thenmozhi Rajarathinam Seulah Lee Suhkmann Kim Jaewon Lee Dinakaran Thirumalai Seung-Cheol Chang |
| author_sort | Vijayaraj Kathiresan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A simple one-step electrochemical deposition/activation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is highly desired for sensor configurations and remains a great challenge. Herein, we attempt an electrochemical route to exfoliate the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets in an aqueous solution of pH 7.0 for constructing a sensor, which is highly sensitive for the detection of serotonin (5-HT). The significance of our design is to exfoliate the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets, a strong electrocatalyst for 5-HT detection. Investigations regarding the effect of neutral pH (pH 7.0) on the bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets, physical characterization, and electrochemical studies were extensively carried out. We demonstrate that the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets have a significant electrocatalytic effect for the 5-HT detection in a dynamic linear range from 500 pM to 1000 nM (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.999). The limit of detection and sensitivity of the designed 5-HT sensor was calculated to be 150 pM and 1.03 µA µM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. The proposed sensor has great advantages such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The constructed g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets-based sensor platform opens new feasibilities for the determination of 5-HT even at the picomolar/nanomolar concentration range. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:19:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f23701990c84afd84d769260ce0a3032023-11-20T18:34:53ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012021608310.3390/s20216083Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of SerotoninVijayaraj Kathiresan0Thenmozhi Rajarathinam1Seulah Lee2Suhkmann Kim3Jaewon Lee4Dinakaran Thirumalai5Seung-Cheol Chang6Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaDepartment of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaA simple one-step electrochemical deposition/activation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) is highly desired for sensor configurations and remains a great challenge. Herein, we attempt an electrochemical route to exfoliate the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets in an aqueous solution of pH 7.0 for constructing a sensor, which is highly sensitive for the detection of serotonin (5-HT). The significance of our design is to exfoliate the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets, a strong electrocatalyst for 5-HT detection. Investigations regarding the effect of neutral pH (pH 7.0) on the bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets, physical characterization, and electrochemical studies were extensively carried out. We demonstrate that the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets have a significant electrocatalytic effect for the 5-HT detection in a dynamic linear range from 500 pM to 1000 nM (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.999). The limit of detection and sensitivity of the designed 5-HT sensor was calculated to be 150 pM and 1.03 µA µM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. The proposed sensor has great advantages such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The constructed g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets-based sensor platform opens new feasibilities for the determination of 5-HT even at the picomolar/nanomolar concentration range.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6083electrochemical activationserotonin sensorgraphitic carbon nitride nanosheets |
| spellingShingle | Vijayaraj Kathiresan Thenmozhi Rajarathinam Seulah Lee Suhkmann Kim Jaewon Lee Dinakaran Thirumalai Seung-Cheol Chang Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin Sensors electrochemical activation serotonin sensor graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets |
| title | Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin |
| title_full | Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin |
| title_fullStr | Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin |
| title_short | Cost-Effective Electrochemical Activation of Graphitic Carbon Nitride on the Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface for Selective Determination of Serotonin |
| title_sort | cost effective electrochemical activation of graphitic carbon nitride on the glassy carbon electrode surface for selective determination of serotonin |
| topic | electrochemical activation serotonin sensor graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6083 |
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