Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast
The necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is responsible for the disease tan spot of wheat. Ptr ToxB (ToxB), a proteinaceous host-selective toxin, is one of the effectors secreted by P. tritici-repentis. ToxB induces chlorosis in toxin-sensitive wheat cultivars and displays characteristic...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2015-10-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-05-15-0097-R |
| _version_ | 1811261367647207424 |
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| author | Melania Figueroa Viola A. Manning Iovanna Pandelova Lynda M. Ciuffetti |
| author_facet | Melania Figueroa Viola A. Manning Iovanna Pandelova Lynda M. Ciuffetti |
| author_sort | Melania Figueroa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is responsible for the disease tan spot of wheat. Ptr ToxB (ToxB), a proteinaceous host-selective toxin, is one of the effectors secreted by P. tritici-repentis. ToxB induces chlorosis in toxin-sensitive wheat cultivars and displays characteristics common to apoplastic effectors. We addressed the hypothesis that ToxB exerts its activity extracellularly. Our data indicate that hydraulic pressure applied in the apoplast following ToxB infiltration can displace ToxB-induced symptoms. In addition, treatment with a proteolytic cocktail following toxin infiltration results in reduction of symptom development and indicates that ToxB requires at least 8 h in planta to induce maximum symptom development. In vitro assays demonstrate that apoplastic fluids extracted from toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat cultivars cannot degrade ToxB. Additionally, ToxB can be reisolated from apoplastic fluid after toxin infiltration. Furthermore, localization studies of fluorescently labeled ToxB indicate that the toxin remains in the apoplast in toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat cultivars. Our findings support the hypothesis that ToxB acts as an extracellular effector. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:02:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f2e3b6f230f42b2ab2d42e14e902cb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:02:12Z |
| publishDate | 2015-10-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f2e3b6f230f42b2ab2d42e14e902cb82022-12-22T03:20:07ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062015-10-0128101082109010.1094/MPMI-05-15-0097-RPersistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the ApoplastMelania Figueroa0Viola A. Manning1Iovanna Pandelova2Lynda M. Ciuffetti3Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.The necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is responsible for the disease tan spot of wheat. Ptr ToxB (ToxB), a proteinaceous host-selective toxin, is one of the effectors secreted by P. tritici-repentis. ToxB induces chlorosis in toxin-sensitive wheat cultivars and displays characteristics common to apoplastic effectors. We addressed the hypothesis that ToxB exerts its activity extracellularly. Our data indicate that hydraulic pressure applied in the apoplast following ToxB infiltration can displace ToxB-induced symptoms. In addition, treatment with a proteolytic cocktail following toxin infiltration results in reduction of symptom development and indicates that ToxB requires at least 8 h in planta to induce maximum symptom development. In vitro assays demonstrate that apoplastic fluids extracted from toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat cultivars cannot degrade ToxB. Additionally, ToxB can be reisolated from apoplastic fluid after toxin infiltration. Furthermore, localization studies of fluorescently labeled ToxB indicate that the toxin remains in the apoplast in toxin-sensitive and -insensitive wheat cultivars. Our findings support the hypothesis that ToxB acts as an extracellular effector.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-05-15-0097-R |
| spellingShingle | Melania Figueroa Viola A. Manning Iovanna Pandelova Lynda M. Ciuffetti Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast |
| title_full | Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast |
| title_fullStr | Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast |
| title_short | Persistence of the Host-Selective Toxin Ptr ToxB in the Apoplast |
| title_sort | persistence of the host selective toxin ptr toxb in the apoplast |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-05-15-0097-R |
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