Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents
IntroductionThis study sets out to provide scientific evidence on the spatial risk for the formation of a superspreading environment.MethodsFocusing on six common types of urban facilities (bars, cinemas, gyms and fitness centers, places of worship, public libraries and shopping malls), it first tes...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128889/full |
| _version_ | 1827972942565212160 |
|---|---|
| author | Becky P. Y. Loo Becky P. Y. Loo Ka Ho Tsoi Kay W. Axhausen Mengqiu Cao Yongsung Lee Keumseok Peter Koh |
| author_facet | Becky P. Y. Loo Becky P. Y. Loo Ka Ho Tsoi Kay W. Axhausen Mengqiu Cao Yongsung Lee Keumseok Peter Koh |
| author_sort | Becky P. Y. Loo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThis study sets out to provide scientific evidence on the spatial risk for the formation of a superspreading environment.MethodsFocusing on six common types of urban facilities (bars, cinemas, gyms and fitness centers, places of worship, public libraries and shopping malls), it first tests whether visitors' mobility characteristics differ systematically for different types of facility and at different locations. The study collects detailed human mobility and other locational data in Chicago, Hong Kong, London, São Paulo, Seoul and Zurich. Then, considering facility agglomeration, visitors' profile and the density of the population, facilities are classified into four potential spatial risk (PSR) classes. Finally, a kernel density function is employed to derive the risk surface in each city based on the spatial risk class and nature of activities.ResultsResults of the human mobility analysis reflect the geographical and cultural context of various facilities, transport characteristics and people's lifestyle across cities. Consistent across the six global cities, geographical agglomeration is a risk factor for bars. For other urban facilities, the lack of agglomeration is a risk factor. Based on the spatial risk maps, some high-risk areas of superspreading are identified and discussed in each city.DiscussionIntegrating activity-travel patterns in risk models can help identify areas that attract highly mobile visitors and are conducive to superspreading. Based on the findings, this study proposes a place-based strategy of non-pharmaceutical interventions that balance the control of the pandemic and the daily life of the urban population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:28:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f3590b92db949ebb8262f82e20e5d18 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:28:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f3590b92db949ebb8262f82e20e5d182023-04-05T05:24:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-04-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11288891128889Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continentsBecky P. Y. Loo0Becky P. Y. Loo1Ka Ho Tsoi2Kay W. Axhausen3Mengqiu Cao4Yongsung Lee5Keumseok Peter Koh6Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, ChinaDepartment of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Civil, Environment and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandSchool of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster, London, United KingdomDepartment of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaIntroductionThis study sets out to provide scientific evidence on the spatial risk for the formation of a superspreading environment.MethodsFocusing on six common types of urban facilities (bars, cinemas, gyms and fitness centers, places of worship, public libraries and shopping malls), it first tests whether visitors' mobility characteristics differ systematically for different types of facility and at different locations. The study collects detailed human mobility and other locational data in Chicago, Hong Kong, London, São Paulo, Seoul and Zurich. Then, considering facility agglomeration, visitors' profile and the density of the population, facilities are classified into four potential spatial risk (PSR) classes. Finally, a kernel density function is employed to derive the risk surface in each city based on the spatial risk class and nature of activities.ResultsResults of the human mobility analysis reflect the geographical and cultural context of various facilities, transport characteristics and people's lifestyle across cities. Consistent across the six global cities, geographical agglomeration is a risk factor for bars. For other urban facilities, the lack of agglomeration is a risk factor. Based on the spatial risk maps, some high-risk areas of superspreading are identified and discussed in each city.DiscussionIntegrating activity-travel patterns in risk models can help identify areas that attract highly mobile visitors and are conducive to superspreading. Based on the findings, this study proposes a place-based strategy of non-pharmaceutical interventions that balance the control of the pandemic and the daily life of the urban population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128889/fullpandemicsuperspreading environmentpublic facilitiesspatial riskfacility agglomerationplace-based strategy |
| spellingShingle | Becky P. Y. Loo Becky P. Y. Loo Ka Ho Tsoi Kay W. Axhausen Mengqiu Cao Yongsung Lee Keumseok Peter Koh Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents Frontiers in Public Health pandemic superspreading environment public facilities spatial risk facility agglomeration place-based strategy |
| title | Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents |
| title_full | Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents |
| title_fullStr | Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents |
| title_short | Spatial risk for a superspreading environment: Insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents |
| title_sort | spatial risk for a superspreading environment insights from six urban facilities in six global cities across four continents |
| topic | pandemic superspreading environment public facilities spatial risk facility agglomeration place-based strategy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128889/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT beckypyloo spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents AT beckypyloo spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents AT kahotsoi spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents AT kaywaxhausen spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents AT mengqiucao spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents AT yongsunglee spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents AT keumseokpeterkoh spatialriskforasuperspreadingenvironmentinsightsfromsixurbanfacilitiesinsixglobalcitiesacrossfourcontinents |