Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric
This research aims to maximize polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric waste and make it as a new source for benzoic acid extraction using a pyrolysis process. The treatment was performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and released products were characterized using FTIR spectrosco...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/18/6079 |
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| author | Samy Yousef Justas Eimontas Nerijus Striūgas Alaa Mohamed Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby |
| author_facet | Samy Yousef Justas Eimontas Nerijus Striūgas Alaa Mohamed Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby |
| author_sort | Samy Yousef |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aims to maximize polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric waste and make it as a new source for benzoic acid extraction using a pyrolysis process. The treatment was performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and released products were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The pyrolysis kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of PET fabric was also studied and simulated using different linear and nonlinear models. The results show that the PET fabric is very rich in volatile matter (80 wt.%) and can completely degrade under 490 °C with a weight loss of 84%. Meanwhile, the generated vapor was rich in the carbonylic C=O functional group (FTIR), and the GC–MS analysis concluded that benzoic acid was the major compound with an abundance of 75% that was achieved at the lowest heating rate (5 °C/min). The linear kinetic results showed that PET samples had an activation energy in the ranges of 193–256 kJ/mol (linear models) and ~161 kJ/mol (nonlinear models). The thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy, were estimated in the ranges of 149–250 kJ/mol, 153–232 kJ/mol, and 256–356 J/mol K, respectively. Accordingly, pyrolysis treatment can be used to extract benzoic acid from PET fabric waste with a 134% increase in the benzoic acid abundance that can be recovered from PET bottle plastic waste. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:31:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f3edb3fc3d94f9d9e4aa35444696010 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:31:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f3edb3fc3d94f9d9e4aa354446960102023-11-19T11:42:34ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-09-011618607910.3390/ma16186079Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven FabricSamy Yousef0Justas Eimontas1Nerijus Striūgas2Alaa Mohamed3Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby4Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51424 Kaunas, LithuaniaLaboratory of Combustion Processes, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, LithuaniaLaboratory of Combustion Processes, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, LT-44403 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Production Engineering and Printing Technology, Akhbar Elyom Academy, 6th of October 12566, EgyptMechatronics Systems Engineering Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts-MSA, Giza 12451, EgyptThis research aims to maximize polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric waste and make it as a new source for benzoic acid extraction using a pyrolysis process. The treatment was performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and released products were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The pyrolysis kinetic and thermodynamic behavior of PET fabric was also studied and simulated using different linear and nonlinear models. The results show that the PET fabric is very rich in volatile matter (80 wt.%) and can completely degrade under 490 °C with a weight loss of 84%. Meanwhile, the generated vapor was rich in the carbonylic C=O functional group (FTIR), and the GC–MS analysis concluded that benzoic acid was the major compound with an abundance of 75% that was achieved at the lowest heating rate (5 °C/min). The linear kinetic results showed that PET samples had an activation energy in the ranges of 193–256 kJ/mol (linear models) and ~161 kJ/mol (nonlinear models). The thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy, were estimated in the ranges of 149–250 kJ/mol, 153–232 kJ/mol, and 256–356 J/mol K, respectively. Accordingly, pyrolysis treatment can be used to extract benzoic acid from PET fabric waste with a 134% increase in the benzoic acid abundance that can be recovered from PET bottle plastic waste.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/18/6079PET nonwoven fabricpyrolysisTG/FTIR-GC/MS analysispyrolysis kinetic behavior |
| spellingShingle | Samy Yousef Justas Eimontas Nerijus Striūgas Alaa Mohamed Mohammed Ali Abdelnaby Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric Materials PET nonwoven fabric pyrolysis TG/FTIR-GC/MS analysis pyrolysis kinetic behavior |
| title | Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric |
| title_full | Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric |
| title_fullStr | Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric |
| title_short | Pyrolysis Kinetic Behavior and Thermodynamic Analysis of PET Nonwoven Fabric |
| title_sort | pyrolysis kinetic behavior and thermodynamic analysis of pet nonwoven fabric |
| topic | PET nonwoven fabric pyrolysis TG/FTIR-GC/MS analysis pyrolysis kinetic behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/18/6079 |
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