Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings
Continuous cropping can lead to an excessive accumulation of nitrate in facility-cultured soil. Excessive accumulation of nitrate gradually becomes the main reason for crop failure in vegetables and endangers human health. Therefore, the exploration of effective measures to decrease abundant nitrate...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/22/12373 |
| _version_ | 1797460254704795648 |
|---|---|
| author | Xue Wu Ying Zhang Yufeng Chu Yifei Yan Cuinan Wu Kai Cao Lin Ye |
| author_facet | Xue Wu Ying Zhang Yufeng Chu Yifei Yan Cuinan Wu Kai Cao Lin Ye |
| author_sort | Xue Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Continuous cropping can lead to an excessive accumulation of nitrate in facility-cultured soil. Excessive accumulation of nitrate gradually becomes the main reason for crop failure in vegetables and endangers human health. Therefore, the exploration of effective measures to decrease abundant nitrate accumulation in Chinese flowering cabbage is indispensable. In this study, a kind of plant growth regulator, fulvic acid (FA), was used to study its positive effect on alleviating the growth inhibition induced by excessive Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in Chinese flowering cabbage. Meanwhile, we conducted hydroponic cultivation and measured the growth indices, photosynthetic and oxidation-reduction characteristics of Chinese flowering cabbage with different treatments. After determining the optimal treatment concentration, we mainly designed four treatment groups, including Con, FA, Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and FA + Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> cotreatment, to explore the regulatory mechanism by which FA alleviates Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> stress in Chinese flowering cabbage. The results showed that FA can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of excessive Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> on the growth of Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings. FA recovered the photosynthetic capacity of seedlings under Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> stress. In addition, FA depressed the accumulation of O<sup>2·−</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrical conductivity, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX, which finally enhanced the stress resistance of Chinese flowering cabbage to Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. The expression of nitrate-related transporters, <i>BcNRT1.1</i> and <i>BcNRT1.5</i>, was depressed by FA, which inhibited redundant nitrate absorption and restricted more nitrate from being stored in the roots instead of being transferred to the shoot. Ultimately, nitrate accumulation in the edible part was reduced in Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings. In general, exogenous FA may alleviate nitrate stress by improving oxidation resistance, photosynthetic capacity and redundant Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> accumulation in Chinese flowering cabbage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:03:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f45626d77ac42a995837b19d24daa6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:03:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f45626d77ac42a995837b19d24daa6a2023-11-24T14:27:29ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-11-0113221237310.3390/app132212373Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage SeedlingsXue Wu0Ying Zhang1Yufeng Chu2Yifei Yan3Cuinan Wu4Kai Cao5Lin Ye6Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yingchuan 750021, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yingchuan 750021, ChinaHorticulture College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaHorticulture College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, ChinaThe Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaThe Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaAgriculture College, Ningxia University, Yingchuan 750021, ChinaContinuous cropping can lead to an excessive accumulation of nitrate in facility-cultured soil. Excessive accumulation of nitrate gradually becomes the main reason for crop failure in vegetables and endangers human health. Therefore, the exploration of effective measures to decrease abundant nitrate accumulation in Chinese flowering cabbage is indispensable. In this study, a kind of plant growth regulator, fulvic acid (FA), was used to study its positive effect on alleviating the growth inhibition induced by excessive Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in Chinese flowering cabbage. Meanwhile, we conducted hydroponic cultivation and measured the growth indices, photosynthetic and oxidation-reduction characteristics of Chinese flowering cabbage with different treatments. After determining the optimal treatment concentration, we mainly designed four treatment groups, including Con, FA, Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and FA + Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> cotreatment, to explore the regulatory mechanism by which FA alleviates Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> stress in Chinese flowering cabbage. The results showed that FA can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of excessive Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> on the growth of Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings. FA recovered the photosynthetic capacity of seedlings under Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> stress. In addition, FA depressed the accumulation of O<sup>2·−</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrical conductivity, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX, which finally enhanced the stress resistance of Chinese flowering cabbage to Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. The expression of nitrate-related transporters, <i>BcNRT1.1</i> and <i>BcNRT1.5</i>, was depressed by FA, which inhibited redundant nitrate absorption and restricted more nitrate from being stored in the roots instead of being transferred to the shoot. Ultimately, nitrate accumulation in the edible part was reduced in Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings. In general, exogenous FA may alleviate nitrate stress by improving oxidation resistance, photosynthetic capacity and redundant Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> accumulation in Chinese flowering cabbage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/22/12373calcium nitrateChinese flowering cabbagefulvic acidphotosystemantioxidant capacitynitrate accumulation |
| spellingShingle | Xue Wu Ying Zhang Yufeng Chu Yifei Yan Cuinan Wu Kai Cao Lin Ye Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings Applied Sciences calcium nitrate Chinese flowering cabbage fulvic acid photosystem antioxidant capacity nitrate accumulation |
| title | Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings |
| title_full | Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings |
| title_fullStr | Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings |
| title_short | Fulvic Acid Alleviates the Toxicity Induced by Calcium Nitrate Stress by Regulating Antioxidant and Photosynthetic Capacities and Nitrate Accumulation in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Seedlings |
| title_sort | fulvic acid alleviates the toxicity induced by calcium nitrate stress by regulating antioxidant and photosynthetic capacities and nitrate accumulation in chinese flowering cabbage seedlings |
| topic | calcium nitrate Chinese flowering cabbage fulvic acid photosystem antioxidant capacity nitrate accumulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/22/12373 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xuewu fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings AT yingzhang fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings AT yufengchu fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings AT yifeiyan fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings AT cuinanwu fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings AT kaicao fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings AT linye fulvicacidalleviatesthetoxicityinducedbycalciumnitratestressbyregulatingantioxidantandphotosyntheticcapacitiesandnitrateaccumulationinchinesefloweringcabbageseedlings |