Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India
Contamination of domestic water sources is a major concern in estuarine islands of coastal Karnataka. Awareness about practices for waste management and protection of water sources on these islands is poor. Using water having bacterial presence for domestic purposes can lead to various health risks...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Air, Soil and Water Research |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/11786221221111960 |
| _version_ | 1811223056812605440 |
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| author | Satyaprakash Das Nandineni Rama Devi Sanjana Shetty Rituka Kapur Udaya Shankar H N Suma Nair |
| author_facet | Satyaprakash Das Nandineni Rama Devi Sanjana Shetty Rituka Kapur Udaya Shankar H N Suma Nair |
| author_sort | Satyaprakash Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Contamination of domestic water sources is a major concern in estuarine islands of coastal Karnataka. Awareness about practices for waste management and protection of water sources on these islands is poor. Using water having bacterial presence for domestic purposes can lead to various health risks in humans. The research investigates various factors leading to bacterial contamination of domestic water sources at Mudukudru island of Swarna river, in the Udupi district of Karnataka. Samples were collected during the Pre-monsoon (December–May) and Monsoon (June–September) seasons from 43 wells of individual houses on the island. The total concentration of bacteria, in the water samples was determined from microbial analysis. The multiple tube, most probable number (MPN), fermentation technique was adopted to determine the total coliform in the samples. Factors like the presence or absence of well lining, well housing, wellhead above or below ground level, the distance of well from sewage pits, and the distance of livestock from the wells were correlated. The results indicated bacterial contamination in 32 wells during the monsoon as compared to pre-monsoon data, with the total coliform count exceeding the standard of 500 MPN/100 mL. A significant relation between total coliform count in the water samples and the absence of well lining with sanitary protection is observed with p -value = .00 ( p ⩽ .05) and wells located near (<10.0 m) to sewage pit with p -value ⩽ .05, were recorded respectively during both the seasons of sampling. The study highlights the major factors leading to bacterial contamination of wells on the island. Awareness about the planning of domestic wells through community-driven programs and hygiene education can be beneficial for the sustainable future of these islands. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:26:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f45ce113cb7418fa4ee49043a7c93ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-6221 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:26:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Air, Soil and Water Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f45ce113cb7418fa4ee49043a7c93ee2022-12-22T03:40:22ZengSAGE PublishingAir, Soil and Water Research1178-62212022-07-011510.1177/11786221221111960Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, IndiaSatyaprakash Das0Nandineni Rama Devi1Sanjana Shetty2Rituka Kapur3Udaya Shankar H N4Suma Nair5Manipal School of Architecture & Planning, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaManipal School of Architecture & Planning, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaManipal School of Architecture & Planning, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaManipal School of Architecture & Planning, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaManipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaKasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaContamination of domestic water sources is a major concern in estuarine islands of coastal Karnataka. Awareness about practices for waste management and protection of water sources on these islands is poor. Using water having bacterial presence for domestic purposes can lead to various health risks in humans. The research investigates various factors leading to bacterial contamination of domestic water sources at Mudukudru island of Swarna river, in the Udupi district of Karnataka. Samples were collected during the Pre-monsoon (December–May) and Monsoon (June–September) seasons from 43 wells of individual houses on the island. The total concentration of bacteria, in the water samples was determined from microbial analysis. The multiple tube, most probable number (MPN), fermentation technique was adopted to determine the total coliform in the samples. Factors like the presence or absence of well lining, well housing, wellhead above or below ground level, the distance of well from sewage pits, and the distance of livestock from the wells were correlated. The results indicated bacterial contamination in 32 wells during the monsoon as compared to pre-monsoon data, with the total coliform count exceeding the standard of 500 MPN/100 mL. A significant relation between total coliform count in the water samples and the absence of well lining with sanitary protection is observed with p -value = .00 ( p ⩽ .05) and wells located near (<10.0 m) to sewage pit with p -value ⩽ .05, were recorded respectively during both the seasons of sampling. The study highlights the major factors leading to bacterial contamination of wells on the island. Awareness about the planning of domestic wells through community-driven programs and hygiene education can be beneficial for the sustainable future of these islands.https://doi.org/10.1177/11786221221111960 |
| spellingShingle | Satyaprakash Das Nandineni Rama Devi Sanjana Shetty Rituka Kapur Udaya Shankar H N Suma Nair Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India Air, Soil and Water Research |
| title | Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India |
| title_full | Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India |
| title_fullStr | Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India |
| title_short | Analyzing the Factors Contributing to Bacterial Contamination of Domestic Water Sources in Estuarine Islands of Coastal Karnataka, India |
| title_sort | analyzing the factors contributing to bacterial contamination of domestic water sources in estuarine islands of coastal karnataka india |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/11786221221111960 |
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