Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India
Water quality, pollution level, and trophic conditions were assessed in Aritar Lake located in the Himalayas in East Sikkim, India, in relation to geo-environmental influences and anthropogenic activity in its catchment. A comprehensive method involving indexing and multivariate analyses was used. G...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Water Practice and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/18/11/2638 |
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| author | Nilabhra Auddy Rupa Sinha Santasmita Das Bhattacharya Krishnendu Kumar Pobi Subhankar Dutta Sumanta Nayek |
| author_facet | Nilabhra Auddy Rupa Sinha Santasmita Das Bhattacharya Krishnendu Kumar Pobi Subhankar Dutta Sumanta Nayek |
| author_sort | Nilabhra Auddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water quality, pollution level, and trophic conditions were assessed in Aritar Lake located in the Himalayas in East Sikkim, India, in relation to geo-environmental influences and anthropogenic activity in its catchment. A comprehensive method involving indexing and multivariate analyses was used. Geostatistical tools were employed to interpolate seasonal and spatial deviations in water quality, and nutrient and organic load distribution. Lake water nutrient index (NI) values were between 4.61 and 7.31, and 2.65 and 4.69 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, indicating significant nutrient enrichment and eutrophic conditions. For both seasons, the estimated organic pollution index (OPI) showed class II contamination (contamination starting), with post-monsoon values being higher. The study shows clear signs of eutrophication and early organic pollution. Effective management plans and sustainable tourism practices may benefit the lake, by reducing contamination and protecting the integrity of its ecosystem.
HIGHLIGHTS
Assessment of nutrient dynamics, organic pollution, and trophic state of the lake on a spatio-temporal scale.;
Appraisal of water quality and lake health using the WQI, OPI, and geostatistical methods.;
Multivariate analysis to delineate influencing factors and pollution sources.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:59:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f45e5e923b8409daf58752b8670c68f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-231X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:59:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Practice and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f45e5e923b8409daf58752b8670c68f2023-12-02T12:11:09ZengIWA PublishingWater Practice and Technology1751-231X2023-11-0118112638265210.2166/wpt.2023.172172Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, IndiaNilabhra Auddy0Rupa Sinha1Santasmita Das Bhattacharya2Krishnendu Kumar Pobi3Subhankar Dutta4Sumanta Nayek5 Department of Geography, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Amity Institute of Travel and Tourism, Amity University, Kolkata, India Amity Institute of Social Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Department of Chemistry, Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, India Amity Research Center, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Water quality, pollution level, and trophic conditions were assessed in Aritar Lake located in the Himalayas in East Sikkim, India, in relation to geo-environmental influences and anthropogenic activity in its catchment. A comprehensive method involving indexing and multivariate analyses was used. Geostatistical tools were employed to interpolate seasonal and spatial deviations in water quality, and nutrient and organic load distribution. Lake water nutrient index (NI) values were between 4.61 and 7.31, and 2.65 and 4.69 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively, indicating significant nutrient enrichment and eutrophic conditions. For both seasons, the estimated organic pollution index (OPI) showed class II contamination (contamination starting), with post-monsoon values being higher. The study shows clear signs of eutrophication and early organic pollution. Effective management plans and sustainable tourism practices may benefit the lake, by reducing contamination and protecting the integrity of its ecosystem. HIGHLIGHTS Assessment of nutrient dynamics, organic pollution, and trophic state of the lake on a spatio-temporal scale.; Appraisal of water quality and lake health using the WQI, OPI, and geostatistical methods.; Multivariate analysis to delineate influencing factors and pollution sources.;http://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/18/11/2638eutrophicationorganic pollutionsustainable tourismwater quality index (wqi)water resource management |
| spellingShingle | Nilabhra Auddy Rupa Sinha Santasmita Das Bhattacharya Krishnendu Kumar Pobi Subhankar Dutta Sumanta Nayek Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India Water Practice and Technology eutrophication organic pollution sustainable tourism water quality index (wqi) water resource management |
| title | Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India |
| title_full | Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India |
| title_fullStr | Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India |
| title_short | Application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features: a case study in East Sikkim, India |
| title_sort | application of water quality indices and geostatistical methods for analyzing mountain lakes in relation to anthropogenic influences and catchment features a case study in east sikkim india |
| topic | eutrophication organic pollution sustainable tourism water quality index (wqi) water resource management |
| url | http://wpt.iwaponline.com/content/18/11/2638 |
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