Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement
The direct influence of La<sup>3+</sup> ions on the gamma-ray shielding properties of cobalt-doped heavy metal borate glasses with the chemical formula 0.3CoO-(80-x)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-19.7PbO-xLa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: x = 0, 0.5...
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7703 |
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| author | Ghada ALMisned Wiam Elshami Shams A. M. Issa Gulfem Susoy Hesham M. H. Zakaly Merfat Algethami Y. S. Rammah Antoaneta Ene S. A. Al-Ghamdi Awad A. Ibraheem H. O. Tekin |
| author_facet | Ghada ALMisned Wiam Elshami Shams A. M. Issa Gulfem Susoy Hesham M. H. Zakaly Merfat Algethami Y. S. Rammah Antoaneta Ene S. A. Al-Ghamdi Awad A. Ibraheem H. O. Tekin |
| author_sort | Ghada ALMisned |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The direct influence of La<sup>3+</sup> ions on the gamma-ray shielding properties of cobalt-doped heavy metal borate glasses with the chemical formula 0.3CoO-(80-x)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-19.7PbO-xLa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mol% was examined herein. Several significant radiation shielding parameters were evaluated. The glass density was increased from 3.11 to 3.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup> with increasing La<sup>3+</sup> ion content from 0 to 2 mol%. The S5 glass sample, which contained the highest concentration of La<sup>3+</sup> ions (2 mol%), had the maximum linear (μ) and mass (μ<sub>m</sub>) attenuation coefficients for all photon energies entering, while the S1 glass sample free of La<sup>3+</sup> ions possessed the minimum values of μ and μ<sub>m</sub>. Both the half value layer (T<sub>1/2</sub>) and tenth value layer (TVL) of all investigated glasses showed a similar trend of (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S1</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S2</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S3</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S4</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S5</sub>. Our results revealed that the S5 sample had the highest effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>) values over the whole range of gamma-ray energy. S5 had the lowest exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) build-up factor values across the whole photon energy and penetration depth range. Our findings give a strong indication of the S5 sample’s superior gamma-ray shielding characteristics due to the highest contribution of lanthanum oxide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:40:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f4805b1d7984b8ea0333bce8d544026 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:40:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f4805b1d7984b8ea0333bce8d5440262023-11-23T09:21:46ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-12-011424770310.3390/ma14247703Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide ReinforcementGhada ALMisned0Wiam Elshami1Shams A. M. Issa2Gulfem Susoy3Hesham M. H. Zakaly4Merfat Algethami5Y. S. Rammah6Antoaneta Ene7S. A. Al-Ghamdi8Awad A. Ibraheem9H. O. Tekin10Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaMedical Diagnostic Imaging Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, TurkeyPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32511, EgyptINPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, RomaniaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaMedical Diagnostic Imaging Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesThe direct influence of La<sup>3+</sup> ions on the gamma-ray shielding properties of cobalt-doped heavy metal borate glasses with the chemical formula 0.3CoO-(80-x)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-19.7PbO-xLa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mol% was examined herein. Several significant radiation shielding parameters were evaluated. The glass density was increased from 3.11 to 3.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup> with increasing La<sup>3+</sup> ion content from 0 to 2 mol%. The S5 glass sample, which contained the highest concentration of La<sup>3+</sup> ions (2 mol%), had the maximum linear (μ) and mass (μ<sub>m</sub>) attenuation coefficients for all photon energies entering, while the S1 glass sample free of La<sup>3+</sup> ions possessed the minimum values of μ and μ<sub>m</sub>. Both the half value layer (T<sub>1/2</sub>) and tenth value layer (TVL) of all investigated glasses showed a similar trend of (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S1</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S2</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S3</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S4</sub> > (T<sub>1/2</sub>, TVL)<sub>S5</sub>. Our results revealed that the S5 sample had the highest effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>) values over the whole range of gamma-ray energy. S5 had the lowest exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) build-up factor values across the whole photon energy and penetration depth range. Our findings give a strong indication of the S5 sample’s superior gamma-ray shielding characteristics due to the highest contribution of lanthanum oxide.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7703lead borate glassesgamma raymass attenuationradiation resistance |
| spellingShingle | Ghada ALMisned Wiam Elshami Shams A. M. Issa Gulfem Susoy Hesham M. H. Zakaly Merfat Algethami Y. S. Rammah Antoaneta Ene S. A. Al-Ghamdi Awad A. Ibraheem H. O. Tekin Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement Materials lead borate glasses gamma ray mass attenuation radiation resistance |
| title | Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement |
| title_full | Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement |
| title_short | Enhancement of Gamma-ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement |
| title_sort | enhancement of gamma ray shielding properties in cobalt doped heavy metal borate glasses the role of lanthanum oxide reinforcement |
| topic | lead borate glasses gamma ray mass attenuation radiation resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7703 |
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