Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease known for centuries; however, little research has been conducted on the effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) on fish metabolism. The main objective of this study was to assess different hepatic compounds observed in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i&...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3500 |
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| author | María José Ramos-Sosa Víctor Hernández López Andres Sanchez-Henao Natalia García-Álvarez Ana R. Díaz-Marrero Inmaculada Rosario Fernando Real José J. Fernández |
| author_facet | María José Ramos-Sosa Víctor Hernández López Andres Sanchez-Henao Natalia García-Álvarez Ana R. Díaz-Marrero Inmaculada Rosario Fernando Real José J. Fernández |
| author_sort | María José Ramos-Sosa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease known for centuries; however, little research has been conducted on the effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) on fish metabolism. The main objective of this study was to assess different hepatic compounds observed in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) fed C-CTX1 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Thirteen goldfish were treated with C-CTX1-enriched flesh and sampled on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43. On day 43, two individuals, referred to as ‘Detox’, were isolated until days 102 and 121 to evaluate the possible recovery after returning to a commercial feed. At each sampling, hepatic tissue was weighed to calculate the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and analyzed for the metabolomics study; animals fed toxic flesh showed a higher HSI, even greater in the ‘Detox’ individuals. Furthermore, altered concentrations of alanine, lactate, taurine, glucose, and glycogen were observed in animals with the toxic diet. These disturbances could be related to an increase in ammonium ion (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) production. An increase in ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) concentration in water was observed in the aquarium where the fish ingested toxic meat compared to the non-toxic aquarium. All these changes may be rationalized by the relationship between CTXs and the glucose–alanine cycle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f605737e9a94209ac5e27f142cbb6af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:24:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f605737e9a94209ac5e27f142cbb6af2023-11-24T12:50:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-12-011224350010.3390/ani12243500Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)María José Ramos-Sosa0Víctor Hernández López1Andres Sanchez-Henao2Natalia García-Álvarez3Ana R. Díaz-Marrero4Inmaculada Rosario5Fernando Real6José J. Fernández7Division of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Gran Canaria, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Gran Canaria, SpainDivision of Fish Health and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainCiguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease known for centuries; however, little research has been conducted on the effects of ciguatoxins (CTXs) on fish metabolism. The main objective of this study was to assess different hepatic compounds observed in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) fed C-CTX1 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Thirteen goldfish were treated with C-CTX1-enriched flesh and sampled on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43. On day 43, two individuals, referred to as ‘Detox’, were isolated until days 102 and 121 to evaluate the possible recovery after returning to a commercial feed. At each sampling, hepatic tissue was weighed to calculate the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and analyzed for the metabolomics study; animals fed toxic flesh showed a higher HSI, even greater in the ‘Detox’ individuals. Furthermore, altered concentrations of alanine, lactate, taurine, glucose, and glycogen were observed in animals with the toxic diet. These disturbances could be related to an increase in ammonium ion (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) production. An increase in ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) concentration in water was observed in the aquarium where the fish ingested toxic meat compared to the non-toxic aquarium. All these changes may be rationalized by the relationship between CTXs and the glucose–alanine cycle.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3500ciguatoxinsmetabolomics analysisciguatera poisoningnuclear magnetic resonancegoldfishliver |
| spellingShingle | María José Ramos-Sosa Víctor Hernández López Andres Sanchez-Henao Natalia García-Álvarez Ana R. Díaz-Marrero Inmaculada Rosario Fernando Real José J. Fernández Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) Animals ciguatoxins metabolomics analysis ciguatera poisoning nuclear magnetic resonance goldfish liver |
| title | Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full | Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_short | Metabolic Hepatic Disorders Caused by Ciguatoxins in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_sort | metabolic hepatic disorders caused by ciguatoxins in goldfish i carassius auratus i |
| topic | ciguatoxins metabolomics analysis ciguatera poisoning nuclear magnetic resonance goldfish liver |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/24/3500 |
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