Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain
This article presents the results of a field experiment investigating the energy efficiency of grain produced by a semi-dwarf genotype of winter triticale at different levels of agricultural inputs. The energy efficiency of winter triticale grain production was evaluated in two low-input and two hig...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1003 |
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| author | Władysław Szempliński Bogdan Dubis Krzysztof Michał Lachutta Krzysztof Józef Jankowski |
| author_facet | Władysław Szempliński Bogdan Dubis Krzysztof Michał Lachutta Krzysztof Józef Jankowski |
| author_sort | Władysław Szempliński |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article presents the results of a field experiment investigating the energy efficiency of grain produced by a semi-dwarf genotype of winter triticale at different levels of agricultural inputs. The energy efficiency of winter triticale grain production was evaluated in two low-input and two high-input cultivation practices that differed in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer (split application) and disease control. The energy inputs associated with the production of winter triticale grain at low levels of agricultural inputs were determined to be 14.5 to 14.7 GJ ha<sup>−1</sup>. Higher levels of agricultural inputs increased the demand for energy in grain production by 25% on average. The energy output of grain peaked (163.3 GJ ha<sup>−1</sup>) in response to a fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> applied in a split ratio of 50:50 (BBCH 27/32) and two fungicide treatments (BBCH 31 and 39). The energy output of grain from the remaining cultivation regimes was 3–13% lower. The energy efficiency ratio was highest in the low-input cultivation regime with a nitrogen rate of 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> split into two applications (60 and 30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for BBCH 27 and 32, respectively), seed dressing with fungicide (thiram and tebuconazole) and one fungicide treatment (azoxystrobin) (BBCH 39). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:53:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f759d0a8780449b9f9c79f8a76b9b6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:53:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f759d0a8780449b9f9c79f8a76b9b6e2023-12-11T17:03:28ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-02-01144100310.3390/en14041003Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale GrainWładysław Szempliński0Bogdan Dubis1Krzysztof Michał Lachutta2Krzysztof Józef Jankowski3Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandThis article presents the results of a field experiment investigating the energy efficiency of grain produced by a semi-dwarf genotype of winter triticale at different levels of agricultural inputs. The energy efficiency of winter triticale grain production was evaluated in two low-input and two high-input cultivation practices that differed in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer (split application) and disease control. The energy inputs associated with the production of winter triticale grain at low levels of agricultural inputs were determined to be 14.5 to 14.7 GJ ha<sup>−1</sup>. Higher levels of agricultural inputs increased the demand for energy in grain production by 25% on average. The energy output of grain peaked (163.3 GJ ha<sup>−1</sup>) in response to a fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> applied in a split ratio of 50:50 (BBCH 27/32) and two fungicide treatments (BBCH 31 and 39). The energy output of grain from the remaining cultivation regimes was 3–13% lower. The energy efficiency ratio was highest in the low-input cultivation regime with a nitrogen rate of 90 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> split into two applications (60 and 30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for BBCH 27 and 32, respectively), seed dressing with fungicide (thiram and tebuconazole) and one fungicide treatment (azoxystrobin) (BBCH 39).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1003<i>Triticosecale</i>agricultural operationsenergy inputenergy outputenergy gainenergy efficiency ratio |
| spellingShingle | Władysław Szempliński Bogdan Dubis Krzysztof Michał Lachutta Krzysztof Józef Jankowski Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain Energies <i>Triticosecale</i> agricultural operations energy input energy output energy gain energy efficiency ratio |
| title | Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain |
| title_full | Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain |
| title_fullStr | Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain |
| title_short | Energy Optimization in Different Production Technologies of Winter Triticale Grain |
| title_sort | energy optimization in different production technologies of winter triticale grain |
| topic | <i>Triticosecale</i> agricultural operations energy input energy output energy gain energy efficiency ratio |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1003 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT władysławszemplinski energyoptimizationindifferentproductiontechnologiesofwintertriticalegrain AT bogdandubis energyoptimizationindifferentproductiontechnologiesofwintertriticalegrain AT krzysztofmichałlachutta energyoptimizationindifferentproductiontechnologiesofwintertriticalegrain AT krzysztofjozefjankowski energyoptimizationindifferentproductiontechnologiesofwintertriticalegrain |