HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2) prevalence in South Africa (SA) is unknown, however, sporadic cases have been reported. Human immunodeficiency virus -1 and 2 differentiation is not part of most South African public laboratories’ testing algorithm. Human immunodeficiency v...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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AOSIS
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/1185 |
| _version_ | 1817984624168534016 |
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| author | Rendani T. Mafuyeka Lynne M. Webber Piet Becker Simnikiwe H. Mayaphi |
| author_facet | Rendani T. Mafuyeka Lynne M. Webber Piet Becker Simnikiwe H. Mayaphi |
| author_sort | Rendani T. Mafuyeka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2) prevalence in South Africa (SA) is unknown, however, sporadic cases have been reported. Human immunodeficiency virus -1 and 2 differentiation is not part of most South African public laboratories’ testing algorithm. Human immunodeficiency virus -2 diagnosis using serology assays may be complicated by HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody cross-reactivity.
Objectives: To determine the proportion of HIV-2 infections in specimens that tested HIV-1/2 positive at a public laboratory in Tshwane.
Method: A total of 480 specimens that were previously tested with fourth generation ELISA platforms (Modular E170 [Roche, Switzerland] and Architect i2000 [Abbott, Germany]) were randomly selected. Human immunodeficiency virus -1 and 2 antibody differentiation testing was carried out using the Multispot HIV-1/2 rapid assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). An in-house nested HIV-2 PCR assay targeting the 5′-long terminal repeats (5′-LTR) region was evaluated and used as a confirmatory test.
Results: The study tested 480 HIV-1/2 seropositive patients and their mean age was 36.7 years (range 3–82 years). Of the 480 patients, 292 (60.8%) were female, 182 (37.9%) were male and 6 (1.3%) were not specified. Human immunodeficiency virus differentiation results were as follows: 466 (97.1%) were positive for only HIV-1 antibodies, 11 (2.3%) [95%CI: (0.98%; 3.74%)] were positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, 3 (0.6%) were negative for both antibodies and none were positive for only HIV-2 antibodies. Of the 11 specimens with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, seven had sufficient volume for confirmatory testing and were all negative on the in-house HIV-2 PCR assay.
Conclusion: The multispot HIV-1/2 rapid assay demonstrated cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Human immunodeficiency virus -2 infections were not detected. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:47:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f78cd5f2a1646ab9a399f80ac08e4f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1608-9693 2078-6751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T23:47:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f78cd5f2a1646ab9a399f80ac08e4f12022-12-22T02:24:15ZengAOSISSouthern African Journal of HIV Medicine1608-96932078-67512021-03-01221e1e710.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1185737HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratoryRendani T. Mafuyeka0Lynne M. Webber1Piet Becker2Simnikiwe H. Mayaphi3Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PretoriaDepartment of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria; Department of Virology, Tshwane Academic division, National Health Laboratory, PretoriaResearch Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PretoriaDepartment of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PretoriaBackground: The human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2) prevalence in South Africa (SA) is unknown, however, sporadic cases have been reported. Human immunodeficiency virus -1 and 2 differentiation is not part of most South African public laboratories’ testing algorithm. Human immunodeficiency virus -2 diagnosis using serology assays may be complicated by HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody cross-reactivity. Objectives: To determine the proportion of HIV-2 infections in specimens that tested HIV-1/2 positive at a public laboratory in Tshwane. Method: A total of 480 specimens that were previously tested with fourth generation ELISA platforms (Modular E170 [Roche, Switzerland] and Architect i2000 [Abbott, Germany]) were randomly selected. Human immunodeficiency virus -1 and 2 antibody differentiation testing was carried out using the Multispot HIV-1/2 rapid assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). An in-house nested HIV-2 PCR assay targeting the 5′-long terminal repeats (5′-LTR) region was evaluated and used as a confirmatory test. Results: The study tested 480 HIV-1/2 seropositive patients and their mean age was 36.7 years (range 3–82 years). Of the 480 patients, 292 (60.8%) were female, 182 (37.9%) were male and 6 (1.3%) were not specified. Human immunodeficiency virus differentiation results were as follows: 466 (97.1%) were positive for only HIV-1 antibodies, 11 (2.3%) [95%CI: (0.98%; 3.74%)] were positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, 3 (0.6%) were negative for both antibodies and none were positive for only HIV-2 antibodies. Of the 11 specimens with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies, seven had sufficient volume for confirmatory testing and were all negative on the in-house HIV-2 PCR assay. Conclusion: The multispot HIV-1/2 rapid assay demonstrated cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. Human immunodeficiency virus -2 infections were not detected.https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/1185hiv-1/2 differentiationhiv-2 testinghiv1/2 antibody cross reactionhiv-2 in south africahiv-2 pcr |
| spellingShingle | Rendani T. Mafuyeka Lynne M. Webber Piet Becker Simnikiwe H. Mayaphi HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine hiv-1/2 differentiation hiv-2 testing hiv1/2 antibody cross reaction hiv-2 in south africa hiv-2 pcr |
| title | HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory |
| title_full | HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory |
| title_fullStr | HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory |
| title_short | HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory |
| title_sort | hiv 1 2 differentiation in a south african public laboratory |
| topic | hiv-1/2 differentiation hiv-2 testing hiv1/2 antibody cross reaction hiv-2 in south africa hiv-2 pcr |
| url | https://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/1185 |
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