Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
<i>Acinetobacter</i> species have been found in a variety of environments, including soil, food, plants, hospital environments and water. <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an opportunistic and emerging waterborne pathogen. It has been implicated in several nosocomial infectio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1110 |
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| author | Mary Ayobami Adewoyin Kingsley Ehi Ebomah Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh |
| author_facet | Mary Ayobami Adewoyin Kingsley Ehi Ebomah Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh |
| author_sort | Mary Ayobami Adewoyin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Acinetobacter</i> species have been found in a variety of environments, including soil, food, plants, hospital environments and water. <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an opportunistic and emerging waterborne pathogen. It has been implicated in several nosocomial infections that demonstrate resistance to commonly administered antibiotics. We investigated phenotypic antibiotic resistance (PAR) and relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in <i>A. baumannii</i> isolated from three freshwater resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; <i>A. baumannii</i> (410) was confirmed by the <i>recA</i> and <i>gyrB</i> genes of 844 suspected <i>Acinetobacter</i> species in the water samples. The PAR of the confirmed isolates was assessed using a panel of 11 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method, while ARGs were investigated in isolates exhibiting PAR. The <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam (11.2%), ceftazidime (12%), cefotaxime (18.8%), cefepime (8.8%), imipenem (2.7%), meropenem (4.15%), amikacin (2.4%), gentamicin (8.8%), tetracycline (16.8%), ciprofloxacin (11%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (20.5%). For multidrug resistance (MDR), two isolates were resistant to all antibiotics and 28 isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Moreover, β-lactamases <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> (64.4%) and <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-51</sub> (28.70%) as well as sulphonamides <i>sul1</i> (37.1%) and <i>sul2</i> (49.4%) were common ARGs. Overall, PAR and ARGs had positive correlations (<i>r</i>) in all rivers. Detection of MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> in freshwater resources could be linked to possible wastewater discharge from the nearby animal farms, indicating potential implications for public health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:18Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6f80cadbbb6b4851876f57a2f923813f2023-11-22T14:41:53ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-08-01109111010.3390/pathogens10091110Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South AfricaMary Ayobami Adewoyin0Kingsley Ehi Ebomah1Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh2SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaSAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South AfricaSAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa<i>Acinetobacter</i> species have been found in a variety of environments, including soil, food, plants, hospital environments and water. <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an opportunistic and emerging waterborne pathogen. It has been implicated in several nosocomial infections that demonstrate resistance to commonly administered antibiotics. We investigated phenotypic antibiotic resistance (PAR) and relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in <i>A. baumannii</i> isolated from three freshwater resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; <i>A. baumannii</i> (410) was confirmed by the <i>recA</i> and <i>gyrB</i> genes of 844 suspected <i>Acinetobacter</i> species in the water samples. The PAR of the confirmed isolates was assessed using a panel of 11 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method, while ARGs were investigated in isolates exhibiting PAR. The <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam (11.2%), ceftazidime (12%), cefotaxime (18.8%), cefepime (8.8%), imipenem (2.7%), meropenem (4.15%), amikacin (2.4%), gentamicin (8.8%), tetracycline (16.8%), ciprofloxacin (11%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (20.5%). For multidrug resistance (MDR), two isolates were resistant to all antibiotics and 28 isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem. Moreover, β-lactamases <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub> (64.4%) and <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-51</sub> (28.70%) as well as sulphonamides <i>sul1</i> (37.1%) and <i>sul2</i> (49.4%) were common ARGs. Overall, PAR and ARGs had positive correlations (<i>r</i>) in all rivers. Detection of MDR-<i>A. baumannii</i> in freshwater resources could be linked to possible wastewater discharge from the nearby animal farms, indicating potential implications for public health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1110<i>A. baumannii</i>multiple drug resistanceantibiotic-resistant genesfreshwater |
| spellingShingle | Mary Ayobami Adewoyin Kingsley Ehi Ebomah Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Pathogens <i>A. baumannii</i> multiple drug resistance antibiotic-resistant genes freshwater |
| title | Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
| title_full | Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
| title_short | Antibiogram Profile of <i>Acinetobacter</i><i>baumannii</i> Recovered from Selected Freshwater Resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa |
| title_sort | antibiogram profile of i acinetobacter i i baumannii i recovered from selected freshwater resources in the eastern cape province south africa |
| topic | <i>A. baumannii</i> multiple drug resistance antibiotic-resistant genes freshwater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1110 |
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