Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019
PM<sub>2.5</sub> is an air pollutant with complex components. After entering the body through respiration, PM<sub>2.5</sub> can not only cause respiratory diseases, but also break through the blood–testis barrier and influence the reproductive system. PM<sub>2.5</sub...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/92 |
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| author | Pengxiang Ge Zhengjiang Liu Mindong Chen Yan Cui Maoyu Cao Xiaoming Liu |
| author_facet | Pengxiang Ge Zhengjiang Liu Mindong Chen Yan Cui Maoyu Cao Xiaoming Liu |
| author_sort | Pengxiang Ge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PM<sub>2.5</sub> is an air pollutant with complex components. After entering the body through respiration, PM<sub>2.5</sub> can not only cause respiratory diseases, but also break through the blood–testis barrier and influence the reproductive system. PM<sub>2.5</sub> with different components may result in different toxic effects. In the first five years of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area, industrial transformation would change the concentration and chemical fraction of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the local environment to a certain extent. In this study, PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area every autumn and winter from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed. PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration generally decreased year by year. The large proportion of secondary inorganic ions indicated the presence of secondary pollution at the sampling site. PM<sub>2.5</sub> was mainly emitted from fossil fuel combustion and vehicle exhaust. The cytotoxicity of PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples was evaluated by PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure to mouse spermatocytes (GC-2spd(ts) cells). Cell viability was relatively low in 2016 and 2018, and relatively high in 2017 and 2019. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage levels followed similar trends, with an overall annual decrease. The cytotoxicity of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on GC-2spd(ts) cells was significantly correlated with water-soluble ions, water-soluble organic carbon, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (<i>p</i> < 0.01). According to principal component analysis and multiple linear regression, fossil fuel combustion, secondary transformation of pollutants and construction dust were identified as the major contributors to cytotoxic effects, contributing more than 50%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:03:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6fb09fae8079417796012ab4dd3d65bc |
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| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fb09fae8079417796012ab4dd3d65bc2023-11-16T23:36:50ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-01-011129210.3390/toxics11020092Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019Pengxiang Ge0Zhengjiang Liu1Mindong Chen2Yan Cui3Maoyu Cao4Xiaoming Liu5Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaGansu Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaPM<sub>2.5</sub> is an air pollutant with complex components. After entering the body through respiration, PM<sub>2.5</sub> can not only cause respiratory diseases, but also break through the blood–testis barrier and influence the reproductive system. PM<sub>2.5</sub> with different components may result in different toxic effects. In the first five years of Nanjing Jiangbei New Area, industrial transformation would change the concentration and chemical fraction of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the local environment to a certain extent. In this study, PM<sub>2.5</sub> collected in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area every autumn and winter from 2015 to 2019 was analyzed. PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration generally decreased year by year. The large proportion of secondary inorganic ions indicated the presence of secondary pollution at the sampling site. PM<sub>2.5</sub> was mainly emitted from fossil fuel combustion and vehicle exhaust. The cytotoxicity of PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples was evaluated by PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure to mouse spermatocytes (GC-2spd(ts) cells). Cell viability was relatively low in 2016 and 2018, and relatively high in 2017 and 2019. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage levels followed similar trends, with an overall annual decrease. The cytotoxicity of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on GC-2spd(ts) cells was significantly correlated with water-soluble ions, water-soluble organic carbon, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (<i>p</i> < 0.01). According to principal component analysis and multiple linear regression, fossil fuel combustion, secondary transformation of pollutants and construction dust were identified as the major contributors to cytotoxic effects, contributing more than 50%.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/92PM<sub>2.5</sub>cell viabilityreactive oxygen speciesDNA damagesource contribution |
| spellingShingle | Pengxiang Ge Zhengjiang Liu Mindong Chen Yan Cui Maoyu Cao Xiaoming Liu Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019 Toxics PM<sub>2.5</sub> cell viability reactive oxygen species DNA damage source contribution |
| title | Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019 |
| title_full | Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019 |
| title_short | Chemical Characteristics and Cytotoxicity to GC-2spd(ts) Cells of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area from 2015 to 2019 |
| title_sort | chemical characteristics and cytotoxicity to gc 2spd ts cells of pm sub 2 5 sub in nanjing jiangbei new area from 2015 to 2019 |
| topic | PM<sub>2.5</sub> cell viability reactive oxygen species DNA damage source contribution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/92 |
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