Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation
Aref Smiley,* Te-Yi Tsai,* Ihor Havrylchuk,* Wanting Cui,* Irena Parvanova,* Elena Zakashansky,* Taulant Xhakli,* Hu Cui,* Joseph Finkelstein* Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Medical Devices: Evidence and Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/development-and-evaluation-of-wireless-interfaces-to-monitor-and-contr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-MDER |
| _version_ | 1797947329711439872 |
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| author | Smiley A Tsai TY Havrylchuk I Cui W Parvanova I Zakashansky E Xhakli T Cui H Finkelstein J |
| author_facet | Smiley A Tsai TY Havrylchuk I Cui W Parvanova I Zakashansky E Xhakli T Cui H Finkelstein J |
| author_sort | Smiley A |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aref Smiley,* Te-Yi Tsai,* Ihor Havrylchuk,* Wanting Cui,* Irena Parvanova,* Elena Zakashansky,* Taulant Xhakli,* Hu Cui,* Joseph Finkelstein* Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Aref Smiley, Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1770 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA, Tel +1 212-659-9596, Email Aref.smiley@gmail.comPurpose: This paper focuses on developing and testing three versions of interactive bike (iBikE) interfaces for remote monitoring and control of cycling exercise sessions to promote upper and lower limb rehabilitation.Methods: Two versions of the system, which consisted of a portable bike and a tablet PC, were designed to communicate through either Bluetooth low energy (BLE) or Wi-Fi interfaces for real-time monitoring of exercise progress by both the users and their clinical team. The third version of the iBikE system consisted of a motorized bike and a tablet PC. It utilized conventional Bluetooth to implement remote control of the motorized bike’s speed during an exercise session as well as to provide real-time visualization of the exercise progress. We developed three customized tablet PC apps with similar user interfaces but different communication protocols for all the platforms to provide a graphical representation of exercise progress. The same microcontroller unit (MCU), ESP-32, was used in all the systems.Results: Each system was tested in 1-minute exercise sessions at various speeds. To evaluate the accuracy of the measured data, in addition to reading speed values from the iBikE app, the cycling speed of the bikes was measured continuously using a tachometer. The mean differences of averaged RPMs for both data sets were calculated. The calculated values were 0.38 ± 0.03, 0.25 ± 0.27, and 6.7 ± 3.3 for the BLE system, the Wi-Fi system, and the conventional Bluetooth system, respectively.Conclusion: All interfaces provided sufficient accuracy for use in telerehabilitation.Keywords: telerehabilitation, cycling exercise, wireless interface, accuracy |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:26:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6fb2f140479a42bba2d4dffe95204e0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-1470 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:26:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medical Devices: Evidence and Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fb2f140479a42bba2d4dffe95204e0f2023-01-19T17:31:54ZengDove Medical PressMedical Devices: Evidence and Research1179-14702023-01-01Volume 1611381098Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home TelerehabilitationSmiley ATsai TYHavrylchuk ICui WParvanova IZakashansky EXhakli TCui HFinkelstein JAref Smiley,* Te-Yi Tsai,* Ihor Havrylchuk,* Wanting Cui,* Irena Parvanova,* Elena Zakashansky,* Taulant Xhakli,* Hu Cui,* Joseph Finkelstein* Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Aref Smiley, Center for Biomedical and Population Health Informatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1770 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA, Tel +1 212-659-9596, Email Aref.smiley@gmail.comPurpose: This paper focuses on developing and testing three versions of interactive bike (iBikE) interfaces for remote monitoring and control of cycling exercise sessions to promote upper and lower limb rehabilitation.Methods: Two versions of the system, which consisted of a portable bike and a tablet PC, were designed to communicate through either Bluetooth low energy (BLE) or Wi-Fi interfaces for real-time monitoring of exercise progress by both the users and their clinical team. The third version of the iBikE system consisted of a motorized bike and a tablet PC. It utilized conventional Bluetooth to implement remote control of the motorized bike’s speed during an exercise session as well as to provide real-time visualization of the exercise progress. We developed three customized tablet PC apps with similar user interfaces but different communication protocols for all the platforms to provide a graphical representation of exercise progress. The same microcontroller unit (MCU), ESP-32, was used in all the systems.Results: Each system was tested in 1-minute exercise sessions at various speeds. To evaluate the accuracy of the measured data, in addition to reading speed values from the iBikE app, the cycling speed of the bikes was measured continuously using a tachometer. The mean differences of averaged RPMs for both data sets were calculated. The calculated values were 0.38 ± 0.03, 0.25 ± 0.27, and 6.7 ± 3.3 for the BLE system, the Wi-Fi system, and the conventional Bluetooth system, respectively.Conclusion: All interfaces provided sufficient accuracy for use in telerehabilitation.Keywords: telerehabilitation, cycling exercise, wireless interface, accuracyhttps://www.dovepress.com/development-and-evaluation-of-wireless-interfaces-to-monitor-and-contr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-MDERtelerehabilitationcycling exercisewireless interfaceaccuracy |
| spellingShingle | Smiley A Tsai TY Havrylchuk I Cui W Parvanova I Zakashansky E Xhakli T Cui H Finkelstein J Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation Medical Devices: Evidence and Research telerehabilitation cycling exercise wireless interface accuracy |
| title | Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation |
| title_full | Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation |
| title_fullStr | Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation |
| title_short | Development and Evaluation of Wireless Interfaces to Monitor and Control Cycling Exercise During Home Telerehabilitation |
| title_sort | development and evaluation of wireless interfaces to monitor and control cycling exercise during home telerehabilitation |
| topic | telerehabilitation cycling exercise wireless interface accuracy |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/development-and-evaluation-of-wireless-interfaces-to-monitor-and-contr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-MDER |
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