Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials
Abstract Optical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks that enable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs)—the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies [1, 2]. Thus far, carrier modulation and thermo-optical effect are the chosen phenomena for ul...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2022-10-01
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| Series: | PhotoniX |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-022-00070-4 |
| _version_ | 1811335008538853376 |
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| author | Carlos Ríos Qingyang Du Yifei Zhang Cosmin-Constantin Popescu Mikhail Y. Shalaginov Paul Miller Christopher Roberts Myungkoo Kang Kathleen A. Richardson Tian Gu Steven A. Vitale Juejun Hu |
| author_facet | Carlos Ríos Qingyang Du Yifei Zhang Cosmin-Constantin Popescu Mikhail Y. Shalaginov Paul Miller Christopher Roberts Myungkoo Kang Kathleen A. Richardson Tian Gu Steven A. Vitale Juejun Hu |
| author_sort | Carlos Ríos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Optical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks that enable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs)—the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies [1, 2]. Thus far, carrier modulation and thermo-optical effect are the chosen phenomena for ultrafast and low-loss phase shifters, respectively; however, the state and information they carry are lost once the power is turned off—they are volatile. The volatility not only compromises energy efficiency due to their demand for constant power supply, but also precludes them from emerging applications such as in-memory computing. To circumvent this limitation, we introduce a phase shifting mechanism that exploits the nonvolatile refractive index modulation upon structural phase transition of Sb2Se3, a bi-state transparent phase change material (PCM). A zero-static power and electrically-driven phase shifter is realized on a CMOS-backend silicon-on-insulator platform, featuring record phase modulation up to 0.09 π/µm and a low insertion loss of 0.3 dB/π, which can be further improved upon streamlined design. Furthermore, we demonstrate phase and extinction ratio trimming of ring resonators and pioneer a one-step partial amorphization scheme to enhance speed and energy efficiency of PCM devices. A diverse cohort of programmable photonic devices is demonstrated based on the ultra-compact PCM phase shifter. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:17:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6fb5283b6cbb475fa3b031faeeb5cd74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-1991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:17:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PhotoniX |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fb5283b6cbb475fa3b031faeeb5cd742022-12-22T02:38:05ZengSpringerOpenPhotoniX2662-19912022-10-013111310.1186/s43074-022-00070-4Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materialsCarlos Ríos0Qingyang Du1Yifei Zhang2Cosmin-Constantin Popescu3Mikhail Y. Shalaginov4Paul Miller5Christopher Roberts6Myungkoo Kang7Kathleen A. Richardson8Tian Gu9Steven A. Vitale10Juejun Hu11Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of MarylandResearch Center for Intelligent Optoelectronic ComputingDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyThe College of Optics & Photonics, CREOL, University of Central FloridaThe College of Optics & Photonics, CREOL, University of Central FloridaDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAbstract Optical phase shifters constitute the fundamental building blocks that enable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs)—the cornerstone of on-chip classical and quantum optical technologies [1, 2]. Thus far, carrier modulation and thermo-optical effect are the chosen phenomena for ultrafast and low-loss phase shifters, respectively; however, the state and information they carry are lost once the power is turned off—they are volatile. The volatility not only compromises energy efficiency due to their demand for constant power supply, but also precludes them from emerging applications such as in-memory computing. To circumvent this limitation, we introduce a phase shifting mechanism that exploits the nonvolatile refractive index modulation upon structural phase transition of Sb2Se3, a bi-state transparent phase change material (PCM). A zero-static power and electrically-driven phase shifter is realized on a CMOS-backend silicon-on-insulator platform, featuring record phase modulation up to 0.09 π/µm and a low insertion loss of 0.3 dB/π, which can be further improved upon streamlined design. Furthermore, we demonstrate phase and extinction ratio trimming of ring resonators and pioneer a one-step partial amorphization scheme to enhance speed and energy efficiency of PCM devices. A diverse cohort of programmable photonic devices is demonstrated based on the ultra-compact PCM phase shifter.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-022-00070-4 |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Ríos Qingyang Du Yifei Zhang Cosmin-Constantin Popescu Mikhail Y. Shalaginov Paul Miller Christopher Roberts Myungkoo Kang Kathleen A. Richardson Tian Gu Steven A. Vitale Juejun Hu Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials PhotoniX |
| title | Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials |
| title_full | Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials |
| title_fullStr | Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials |
| title_short | Ultra-compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials |
| title_sort | ultra compact nonvolatile phase shifter based on electrically reprogrammable transparent phase change materials |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-022-00070-4 |
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