Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines
Biogenic amines are an important and widely studied class of molecules due to their link to the physiological processes of food-related illnesses and histamine poisoning. Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection offers an inexpensive and portable analytical method of detection for biogenic amines whe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7008 |
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| author | Nic Heckenlaible Sarah Snyder Patrick Herchenbach Alyssa Kava Charles S. Henry Erin M. Gross |
| author_facet | Nic Heckenlaible Sarah Snyder Patrick Herchenbach Alyssa Kava Charles S. Henry Erin M. Gross |
| author_sort | Nic Heckenlaible |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biogenic amines are an important and widely studied class of molecules due to their link to the physiological processes of food-related illnesses and histamine poisoning. Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection offers an inexpensive and portable analytical method of detection for biogenic amines when coupled with recent advancements in low-cost carbon-based electrodes and a smartphone camera. In this work, a mobile phone camera was evaluated against a piece of conventional instrumentation, the charge-coupled device, for the detection of ECL from the reaction of biogenic amines with the luminescent compound tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). Assisted by a 3D-printed light-tight housing, the mobile phone achieved limits of detection of 127, 425 and 421 μM for spermidine, putrescine, and histamine, respectively. The mobile phone’s analytical figures of merit were lesser than the CCD camera but were still within the range to detect contamination. In an exploration of real-world samples, the mobile phone was able to determine the contents of amines in skim milk on par with that of a CCD camera. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6fc302a6d3bf4fa9a14a0ce6a5961e05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fc302a6d3bf4fa9a14a0ce6a5961e052023-11-23T18:52:57ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-09-012218700810.3390/s22187008Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic AminesNic Heckenlaible0Sarah Snyder1Patrick Herchenbach2Alyssa Kava3Charles S. Henry4Erin M. Gross5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USADepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USABiogenic amines are an important and widely studied class of molecules due to their link to the physiological processes of food-related illnesses and histamine poisoning. Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection offers an inexpensive and portable analytical method of detection for biogenic amines when coupled with recent advancements in low-cost carbon-based electrodes and a smartphone camera. In this work, a mobile phone camera was evaluated against a piece of conventional instrumentation, the charge-coupled device, for the detection of ECL from the reaction of biogenic amines with the luminescent compound tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). Assisted by a 3D-printed light-tight housing, the mobile phone achieved limits of detection of 127, 425 and 421 μM for spermidine, putrescine, and histamine, respectively. The mobile phone’s analytical figures of merit were lesser than the CCD camera but were still within the range to detect contamination. In an exploration of real-world samples, the mobile phone was able to determine the contents of amines in skim milk on par with that of a CCD camera.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7008electrochemiluminescencecarbon electrodeRu(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>mobile phone detection |
| spellingShingle | Nic Heckenlaible Sarah Snyder Patrick Herchenbach Alyssa Kava Charles S. Henry Erin M. Gross Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines Sensors electrochemiluminescence carbon electrode Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> mobile phone detection |
| title | Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines |
| title_full | Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines |
| title_short | Comparison of Mobile Phone and CCD Cameras for Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Biogenic Amines |
| title_sort | comparison of mobile phone and ccd cameras for electrochemiluminescent detection of biogenic amines |
| topic | electrochemiluminescence carbon electrode Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> mobile phone detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/7008 |
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