An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines
Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are in use against seasonal influenza infection; however, their effectiveness has alway...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/9/1032 |
| _version_ | 1827681109890039808 |
|---|---|
| author | Rina Fajri Nuwarda Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi Veysel Kayser |
| author_facet | Rina Fajri Nuwarda Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi Veysel Kayser |
| author_sort | Rina Fajri Nuwarda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are in use against seasonal influenza infection; however, their effectiveness has always been discussed due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. The growing interest in vaccines as a promising approach to prevent and control influenza may provide alternative vaccine development options with potentially increased efficiency. In addition to currently available inactivated, live-attenuated, and recombinant influenza vaccines on the market, novel platforms such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and nanoparticles, and new vaccine formulations are presently being explored. These platforms provide the opportunity to design influenza vaccines with improved properties to maximize quality, efficacy, and safety. The influenza vaccine manufacturing process is also moving forward with advancements relating to egg- and cell-based production, purification processes, and studies into the physicochemical attributes and vaccine degradation pathways. These will contribute to the design of more stable, optimized vaccine formulations guided by contemporary analytical testing methods and via the implementation of the latest advances in the field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:08:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6fc322e3607441c3957028693b7a13ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:08:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fc322e3607441c3957028693b7a13ba2023-11-22T15:35:07ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-09-0199103210.3390/vaccines9091032An Overview of Influenza Viruses and VaccinesRina Fajri Nuwarda0Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi1Veysel Kayser2Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaInfluenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures, including vaccines and antiviral treatments, are in use against seasonal influenza infection; however, their effectiveness has always been discussed due to the ongoing resistance to antivirals and relatively low and unpredictable efficiency of influenza vaccines compared to other vaccines. The growing interest in vaccines as a promising approach to prevent and control influenza may provide alternative vaccine development options with potentially increased efficiency. In addition to currently available inactivated, live-attenuated, and recombinant influenza vaccines on the market, novel platforms such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and nanoparticles, and new vaccine formulations are presently being explored. These platforms provide the opportunity to design influenza vaccines with improved properties to maximize quality, efficacy, and safety. The influenza vaccine manufacturing process is also moving forward with advancements relating to egg- and cell-based production, purification processes, and studies into the physicochemical attributes and vaccine degradation pathways. These will contribute to the design of more stable, optimized vaccine formulations guided by contemporary analytical testing methods and via the implementation of the latest advances in the field.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/9/1032influenza virusinfluenza vaccineneuraminidasehemagglutininvaccine manufacturingvaccine characterization |
| spellingShingle | Rina Fajri Nuwarda Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi Veysel Kayser An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines Vaccines influenza virus influenza vaccine neuraminidase hemagglutinin vaccine manufacturing vaccine characterization |
| title | An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines |
| title_full | An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines |
| title_short | An Overview of Influenza Viruses and Vaccines |
| title_sort | overview of influenza viruses and vaccines |
| topic | influenza virus influenza vaccine neuraminidase hemagglutinin vaccine manufacturing vaccine characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/9/1032 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rinafajrinuwarda anoverviewofinfluenzavirusesandvaccines AT abdulsalamabdullahalharbi anoverviewofinfluenzavirusesandvaccines AT veyselkayser anoverviewofinfluenzavirusesandvaccines AT rinafajrinuwarda overviewofinfluenzavirusesandvaccines AT abdulsalamabdullahalharbi overviewofinfluenzavirusesandvaccines AT veyselkayser overviewofinfluenzavirusesandvaccines |