A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques
Objective: Devices for cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement have become increasingly widespread in recent years. Non-invasive continuous BP monitor (BPM) devices can diagnose potential hypertensive patients at an early stage; however, these cuffless BPMs require more reliable pulse wave simulati...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/6/1218 |
| _version_ | 1827736358104334336 |
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| author | Cheng-Yan Guo Jau-Woei Perng Li-Ching Chen Tung-Li Hsieh |
| author_facet | Cheng-Yan Guo Jau-Woei Perng Li-Ching Chen Tung-Li Hsieh |
| author_sort | Cheng-Yan Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Devices for cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement have become increasingly widespread in recent years. Non-invasive continuous BP monitor (BPM) devices can diagnose potential hypertensive patients at an early stage; however, these cuffless BPMs require more reliable pulse wave simulation equipment and verification methods. Therefore, we propose a device to simulate human pulse wave signals that can test the accuracy of cuffless BPM devices using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: We design and develop a simulator capable of simulating human pulse waves comprising an electromechanical system to simulate the circulatory system and an arm model-embedded arterial phantom. These parts form a pulse wave simulator with hemodynamic characteristics. We use a cuffless device for measuring local PWV as the device under test to measure the PWV of the pulse wave simulator. We then use a hemodynamic model to fit the cuffless BPM and pulse wave simulator results; this model can rapidly calibrate the cuffless BPM’s hemodynamic measurement performance. Results: We first used multiple linear regression (MLR) to generate a cuffless BPM calibration model and then investigated differences between the measured PWV with and without MLR model calibration. The mean absolute error of the studied cuffless BPM without the MLR model is 0.77 m/s, which improves to 0.06 m/s when using the model for calibration. The measurement error of the cuffless BPM at BPs of 100–180 mmHg is 1.7–5.99 mmHg before calibration, which decreases to 0.14–0.48 mmHg after calibration. Conclusion: This study proposes a design of a pulse wave simulator based on hemodynamic characteristics and provides a standard performance verification method for cuffless BPMs that requires only MLR modeling on the cuffless BPM and pulse wave simulator. The pulse wave simulator proposed in this study can be used to quantitively assess the performance of cuffless BPMs. The proposed pulse wave simulator is suitable for mass production for the verification of cuffless BPMs. As cuffless BPMs become increasingly widespread, this study can provide performance testing standards for cuffless devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:09:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6fd598953f524acca7bc7289669161ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:09:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fd598953f524acca7bc7289669161ca2023-11-18T11:40:02ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-06-01146121810.3390/mi14061218A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless TechniquesCheng-Yan Guo0Jau-Woei Perng1Li-Ching Chen2Tung-Li Hsieh3Accurate Meditech Inc., New Taipei City 241406, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanLAICA International Corp, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Electronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, TaiwanObjective: Devices for cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement have become increasingly widespread in recent years. Non-invasive continuous BP monitor (BPM) devices can diagnose potential hypertensive patients at an early stage; however, these cuffless BPMs require more reliable pulse wave simulation equipment and verification methods. Therefore, we propose a device to simulate human pulse wave signals that can test the accuracy of cuffless BPM devices using pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods: We design and develop a simulator capable of simulating human pulse waves comprising an electromechanical system to simulate the circulatory system and an arm model-embedded arterial phantom. These parts form a pulse wave simulator with hemodynamic characteristics. We use a cuffless device for measuring local PWV as the device under test to measure the PWV of the pulse wave simulator. We then use a hemodynamic model to fit the cuffless BPM and pulse wave simulator results; this model can rapidly calibrate the cuffless BPM’s hemodynamic measurement performance. Results: We first used multiple linear regression (MLR) to generate a cuffless BPM calibration model and then investigated differences between the measured PWV with and without MLR model calibration. The mean absolute error of the studied cuffless BPM without the MLR model is 0.77 m/s, which improves to 0.06 m/s when using the model for calibration. The measurement error of the cuffless BPM at BPs of 100–180 mmHg is 1.7–5.99 mmHg before calibration, which decreases to 0.14–0.48 mmHg after calibration. Conclusion: This study proposes a design of a pulse wave simulator based on hemodynamic characteristics and provides a standard performance verification method for cuffless BPMs that requires only MLR modeling on the cuffless BPM and pulse wave simulator. The pulse wave simulator proposed in this study can be used to quantitively assess the performance of cuffless BPMs. The proposed pulse wave simulator is suitable for mass production for the verification of cuffless BPMs. As cuffless BPMs become increasingly widespread, this study can provide performance testing standards for cuffless devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/6/1218cuffless blood pressureblood pressure monitoringpulse wave velocitymultiple linear regressionmean absolute error |
| spellingShingle | Cheng-Yan Guo Jau-Woei Perng Li-Ching Chen Tung-Li Hsieh A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques Micromachines cuffless blood pressure blood pressure monitoring pulse wave velocity multiple linear regression mean absolute error |
| title | A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques |
| title_full | A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques |
| title_fullStr | A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques |
| title_short | A Hemodynamic Pulse Wave Simulator Designed for Calibration of Local Pulse Wave Velocities Measurement for Cuffless Techniques |
| title_sort | hemodynamic pulse wave simulator designed for calibration of local pulse wave velocities measurement for cuffless techniques |
| topic | cuffless blood pressure blood pressure monitoring pulse wave velocity multiple linear regression mean absolute error |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/6/1218 |
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