Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns
Background. The incidence of complications and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bloodstream infections has been increasing significantly, particularly in developing countries where control strategies against this virulent pathogen and its resistance to antibacterial agents...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7041159 |
| _version_ | 1797371493418532864 |
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| author | Samira Zamani Masoud Dadashi Sara Bahonar Mehrdad Haghighi Sareh Kakavandi Ali Hashemi Mohammad Javad Nasiri Bahareh Hajikhani Mehdi Goudarzi |
| author_facet | Samira Zamani Masoud Dadashi Sara Bahonar Mehrdad Haghighi Sareh Kakavandi Ali Hashemi Mohammad Javad Nasiri Bahareh Hajikhani Mehdi Goudarzi |
| author_sort | Samira Zamani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. The incidence of complications and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bloodstream infections has been increasing significantly, particularly in developing countries where control strategies against this virulent pathogen and its resistance to antibacterial agents are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate coagulase typing, the prevalence of toxin genes, and the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus isolated from bloodstream infections. Methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. The prevalence of toxin genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Genetic variability of isolates was determined using multiplex PCR based on coagulase gene polymorphism. Results. Out of 120 strains, 55 (46%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 65 (54%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). All isolates were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin but showed varying levels of resistance to other antibiotics. The highest resistance was observed for ampicillin (92.5%), gentamicin (69.2%), and amikacin (68.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in all isolates. PCR analysis revealed a higher prevalence of toxin genes in MRSA (tst: 38%, pvl: 29.1%, eta: 10%, and etb: 4.1%) than that in MSSA. According to the coa typing, the most prevalent types were coa III (29.2%), coa II (26.7%), and coa VI (10%). Conclusion. The presence of genetic variability and widespread multidrug resistance in our hospitals emphasizes the circulation of various coa types. Therefore, it is crucial to implement antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures to prevent and control the spread of these strains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:20:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6fdd33949cd048998758ffdc18e09866 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2314-758X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:20:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-6fdd33949cd048998758ffdc18e098662023-12-31T00:00:13ZengHindawi LimitedAdvances in Medicine2314-758X2023-01-01202310.1155/2023/7041159Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance PatternsSamira Zamani0Masoud Dadashi1Sara Bahonar2Mehrdad Haghighi3Sareh Kakavandi4Ali Hashemi5Mohammad Javad Nasiri6Bahareh Hajikhani7Mehdi Goudarzi8Department of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Bacteriology and VirologyDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyDepartment of MicrobiologyBackground. The incidence of complications and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bloodstream infections has been increasing significantly, particularly in developing countries where control strategies against this virulent pathogen and its resistance to antibacterial agents are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate coagulase typing, the prevalence of toxin genes, and the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus isolated from bloodstream infections. Methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. The prevalence of toxin genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Genetic variability of isolates was determined using multiplex PCR based on coagulase gene polymorphism. Results. Out of 120 strains, 55 (46%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 65 (54%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). All isolates were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin but showed varying levels of resistance to other antibiotics. The highest resistance was observed for ampicillin (92.5%), gentamicin (69.2%), and amikacin (68.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in all isolates. PCR analysis revealed a higher prevalence of toxin genes in MRSA (tst: 38%, pvl: 29.1%, eta: 10%, and etb: 4.1%) than that in MSSA. According to the coa typing, the most prevalent types were coa III (29.2%), coa II (26.7%), and coa VI (10%). Conclusion. The presence of genetic variability and widespread multidrug resistance in our hospitals emphasizes the circulation of various coa types. Therefore, it is crucial to implement antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures to prevent and control the spread of these strains.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7041159 |
| spellingShingle | Samira Zamani Masoud Dadashi Sara Bahonar Mehrdad Haghighi Sareh Kakavandi Ali Hashemi Mohammad Javad Nasiri Bahareh Hajikhani Mehdi Goudarzi Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Advances in Medicine |
| title | Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns |
| title_full | Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns |
| title_short | Emerging Challenges in Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: Insights from Coagulase Typing, Toxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns |
| title_sort | emerging challenges in staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections insights from coagulase typing toxin genes and antibiotic resistance patterns |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7041159 |
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