Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue
Torrefaction and combustion have been applied to naturally decomposed red oak logging residues. The results indicated that four-year natural decomposition would lower the energy density of red oak from 20.14 to 18.85 MJ/kg. Torrefaction reduced the O/C and H/C ratios but improved the energy yield va...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1607 |
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| author | Wanhe Hu Jingxin Wang Jianli Hu Jamie Schuler Shawn Grushecky Changle Jiang William Smith Nan Nan Edward M. Sabolsky |
| author_facet | Wanhe Hu Jingxin Wang Jianli Hu Jamie Schuler Shawn Grushecky Changle Jiang William Smith Nan Nan Edward M. Sabolsky |
| author_sort | Wanhe Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Torrefaction and combustion have been applied to naturally decomposed red oak logging residues. The results indicated that four-year natural decomposition would lower the energy density of red oak from 20.14 to 18.85 MJ/kg. Torrefaction reduced the O/C and H/C ratios but improved the energy yield values. Two combustion stages were observed for all samples, and no hemicellulose derivative thermogravimetric peak appeared for torrefied samples. The differential scanning calorimetry exothermic heat flow increased after torrefaction. In addition, the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose average activation energy of untorrefied samples decreased in the first stage (from 157.77 to 149.52 KJ/mol), while it increased in the second stage (from 131.32 to 181.83 KJ/mol). The ∆<i>H</i>, ∆<i>G</i>, and ∆<i>S</i> values of all samples decreased in the first stage, while they increased when the conversion rate was greater than 0.5 for torrefied samples. These findings can aid in a better understanding of the fuel performance of torrefied and untorrefied naturally decomposed red oak logging residues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:45:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6ffba7ba5f98498cb6818afa2e1785dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:45:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-6ffba7ba5f98498cb6818afa2e1785dd2024-04-12T13:17:51ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-03-01177160710.3390/en17071607Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging ResidueWanhe Hu0Jingxin Wang1Jianli Hu2Jamie Schuler3Shawn Grushecky4Changle Jiang5William Smith6Nan Nan7Edward M. Sabolsky8Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USADivision of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USADivision of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USADepartment of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USACenter for Sustainable Biomaterials & Bioenergy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USASchool of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USADepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USATorrefaction and combustion have been applied to naturally decomposed red oak logging residues. The results indicated that four-year natural decomposition would lower the energy density of red oak from 20.14 to 18.85 MJ/kg. Torrefaction reduced the O/C and H/C ratios but improved the energy yield values. Two combustion stages were observed for all samples, and no hemicellulose derivative thermogravimetric peak appeared for torrefied samples. The differential scanning calorimetry exothermic heat flow increased after torrefaction. In addition, the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose average activation energy of untorrefied samples decreased in the first stage (from 157.77 to 149.52 KJ/mol), while it increased in the second stage (from 131.32 to 181.83 KJ/mol). The ∆<i>H</i>, ∆<i>G</i>, and ∆<i>S</i> values of all samples decreased in the first stage, while they increased when the conversion rate was greater than 0.5 for torrefied samples. These findings can aid in a better understanding of the fuel performance of torrefied and untorrefied naturally decomposed red oak logging residues.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1607logging residuesnatural decompositiontorrefactioncombustionkinetics |
| spellingShingle | Wanhe Hu Jingxin Wang Jianli Hu Jamie Schuler Shawn Grushecky Changle Jiang William Smith Nan Nan Edward M. Sabolsky Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue Energies logging residues natural decomposition torrefaction combustion kinetics |
| title | Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue |
| title_full | Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue |
| title_fullStr | Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue |
| title_short | Combustion Behaviors, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Naturally Decomposed and Torrefied Northern Red Oak (<i>Quercus rubra</i>) Forest Logging Residue |
| title_sort | combustion behaviors kinetics and thermodynamics of naturally decomposed and torrefied northern red oak i quercus rubra i forest logging residue |
| topic | logging residues natural decomposition torrefaction combustion kinetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1607 |
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