Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study
The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of asymptomatic infection and the occurrence of symptomatic COVID-19 on specific biochemical, renal, and immune parameters—renalase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) cystatin C (CysC), and creatinine—and their weekly fluctuations du...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/1/108 |
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| author | Natalia Serwin Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć Ewa Pius-Sadowska Karol Serwin Anna Niedźwiedź Magda Wiśniewska Marta Roszak Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz Edyta Skwirczyńska Bogusław Machaliński Barbara Dołęgowska |
| author_facet | Natalia Serwin Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć Ewa Pius-Sadowska Karol Serwin Anna Niedźwiedź Magda Wiśniewska Marta Roszak Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz Edyta Skwirczyńska Bogusław Machaliński Barbara Dołęgowska |
| author_sort | Natalia Serwin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of asymptomatic infection and the occurrence of symptomatic COVID-19 on specific biochemical, renal, and immune parameters—renalase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) cystatin C (CysC), and creatinine—and their weekly fluctuations during a one-month observation period in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital. The study involved 86 individuals: 30 patients with diagnosed COVID-19, 28 people with asymptomatic infection confirmed with IgG antibodies—the IG(+) group—and 28 individuals without any (IgG, IgE) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies—the IG(−) group. In the COVID-19 group, blood was drawn four times: (1) on day 0/1 after admission to hospital (C1 group), (2) 7 days later (C7 group), (3) 14 days later (C14 group), and (4) 28 days later (C28 group). In the IG(−) and IG(+) groups, blood was drawn once. There were no significant differences in creatinine, Cys C, and uric acid between any of the analyzed groups. NGAL levels were significantly higher in IG(+) and at all time-points in the COVID-19 groups than in controls. A similar observation was made for renalase at the C7, C14, and C28 time-points. Plasma renalase, NGAL, and CysC are unrelated to kidney function in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients and those with asymptomatic infection. Renalase and NGAL are most likely related to the activation of the immune system rather than kidney function. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a rise in plasma NGAL levels similar to those observed in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Therefore, more attention should be paid to tracking and monitoring the health of these people. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7002fe88928341eb8ff94fe74eac0763 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7002fe88928341eb8ff94fe74eac07632023-11-23T13:28:25ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-01-0112110810.3390/diagnostics12010108Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up StudyNatalia Serwin0Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć1Ewa Pius-Sadowska2Karol Serwin3Anna Niedźwiedź4Magda Wiśniewska5Marta Roszak6Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz7Edyta Skwirczyńska8Bogusław Machaliński9Barbara Dołęgowska10Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, PolandIndependent Public Regional Hospital in Szczecin, ul. Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Rybacka 1, 70-205 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandThe aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of asymptomatic infection and the occurrence of symptomatic COVID-19 on specific biochemical, renal, and immune parameters—renalase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) cystatin C (CysC), and creatinine—and their weekly fluctuations during a one-month observation period in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital. The study involved 86 individuals: 30 patients with diagnosed COVID-19, 28 people with asymptomatic infection confirmed with IgG antibodies—the IG(+) group—and 28 individuals without any (IgG, IgE) anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies—the IG(−) group. In the COVID-19 group, blood was drawn four times: (1) on day 0/1 after admission to hospital (C1 group), (2) 7 days later (C7 group), (3) 14 days later (C14 group), and (4) 28 days later (C28 group). In the IG(−) and IG(+) groups, blood was drawn once. There were no significant differences in creatinine, Cys C, and uric acid between any of the analyzed groups. NGAL levels were significantly higher in IG(+) and at all time-points in the COVID-19 groups than in controls. A similar observation was made for renalase at the C7, C14, and C28 time-points. Plasma renalase, NGAL, and CysC are unrelated to kidney function in non-critically ill COVID-19 patients and those with asymptomatic infection. Renalase and NGAL are most likely related to the activation of the immune system rather than kidney function. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a rise in plasma NGAL levels similar to those observed in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Therefore, more attention should be paid to tracking and monitoring the health of these people.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/1/108renalaseNGALcystatin CCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Natalia Serwin Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć Ewa Pius-Sadowska Karol Serwin Anna Niedźwiedź Magda Wiśniewska Marta Roszak Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz Edyta Skwirczyńska Bogusław Machaliński Barbara Dołęgowska Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study Diagnostics renalase NGAL cystatin C COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study |
| title_full | Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study |
| title_fullStr | Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study |
| title_short | Renal and Inflammation Markers—Renalase, Cystatin C, and NGAL Levels in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a One-Month Follow-Up Study |
| title_sort | renal and inflammation markers renalase cystatin c and ngal levels in asymptomatic and symptomatic sars cov 2 infection in a one month follow up study |
| topic | renalase NGAL cystatin C COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/1/108 |
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