Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are important factors in the etiology of many diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a representative of OPs, chlorpyrifos (CPF), on viability, proliferation, differentiation, and fatty acid u...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16038 |
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| author | Magdalena Czajka Krzysztof Sawicki Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek Marcin Kruszewski Jacek Kurzepa Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak |
| author_facet | Magdalena Czajka Krzysztof Sawicki Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek Marcin Kruszewski Jacek Kurzepa Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak |
| author_sort | Magdalena Czajka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are important factors in the etiology of many diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a representative of OPs, chlorpyrifos (CPF), on viability, proliferation, differentiation, and fatty acid uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of CPF exposure on preadipocyte proliferation was examined by the MTT, NR, and BrdU assays. The impact of CPF exposure on the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and RT-qPCR. The effect of CPF on free fatty acid uptake in adipocytes was assessed with the fluorescent dye BODIPY. Our experiments demonstrated that exposure to CPF decreased the viability of 3T3-L1 cells; however, it was increased when the cells were exposed to low concentrations of the pesticide. Exposure to CPF inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CPF exposure resulted in decreased lipid accumulation, accompanied by down-regulation of the two key transcription factors in adipogenesis: C/EBPα and PPARγ. Exposure to CPF increased basal free fatty acid uptake in fully differentiated adipocytes but decreased this uptake when CPF was added during the differentiation process. Increased free fatty acid accumulation in fully differentiated adipocytes may suggest that CPF leads to adipocyte hypertrophy, one of the mechanisms leading to obesity, particularly in adults. It can therefore be concluded that CPF may disturb the activity of preadipocytes and adipocytes, although the role of this pesticide in the development of obesity requires further research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:46:59Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:46:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-700fd2e42ff34dbc943fb4abf836c6982023-11-24T14:45:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124221603810.3390/ijms242216038Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 CellsMagdalena Czajka0Krzysztof Sawicki1Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek2Marcin Kruszewski3Jacek Kurzepa4Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora5Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak6Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, PolandDepartment of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, PolandOrganophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are important factors in the etiology of many diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a representative of OPs, chlorpyrifos (CPF), on viability, proliferation, differentiation, and fatty acid uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of CPF exposure on preadipocyte proliferation was examined by the MTT, NR, and BrdU assays. The impact of CPF exposure on the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes was evaluated by Oil Red O staining and RT-qPCR. The effect of CPF on free fatty acid uptake in adipocytes was assessed with the fluorescent dye BODIPY. Our experiments demonstrated that exposure to CPF decreased the viability of 3T3-L1 cells; however, it was increased when the cells were exposed to low concentrations of the pesticide. Exposure to CPF inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CPF exposure resulted in decreased lipid accumulation, accompanied by down-regulation of the two key transcription factors in adipogenesis: C/EBPα and PPARγ. Exposure to CPF increased basal free fatty acid uptake in fully differentiated adipocytes but decreased this uptake when CPF was added during the differentiation process. Increased free fatty acid accumulation in fully differentiated adipocytes may suggest that CPF leads to adipocyte hypertrophy, one of the mechanisms leading to obesity, particularly in adults. It can therefore be concluded that CPF may disturb the activity of preadipocytes and adipocytes, although the role of this pesticide in the development of obesity requires further research.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16038adipogenesishypertrophyhyperplasiafatty acid uptake |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Czajka Krzysztof Sawicki Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek Marcin Kruszewski Jacek Kurzepa Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences adipogenesis hypertrophy hyperplasia fatty acid uptake |
| title | Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells |
| title_full | Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells |
| title_short | Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Alters Proliferation, Differentiation and Fatty Acid Uptake in 3T3-L1 Cells |
| title_sort | exposure to chlorpyrifos alters proliferation differentiation and fatty acid uptake in 3t3 l1 cells |
| topic | adipogenesis hypertrophy hyperplasia fatty acid uptake |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/22/16038 |
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