Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load

Climate neutrality is one of the greatest challenges of our century, and a decarbonised energy system is a key step towards this goal. To this end, the electricity system is expected to become more interconnected, digitalised, and flexible by engaging consumers both through microgeneration and throu...

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Main Authors: Ottavia Valentini, Nikoleta Andreadou, Paolo Bertoldi, Alexandre Lucas, Iolanda Saviuc, Evangelos Kotsakis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5259
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author Ottavia Valentini
Nikoleta Andreadou
Paolo Bertoldi
Alexandre Lucas
Iolanda Saviuc
Evangelos Kotsakis
author_facet Ottavia Valentini
Nikoleta Andreadou
Paolo Bertoldi
Alexandre Lucas
Iolanda Saviuc
Evangelos Kotsakis
author_sort Ottavia Valentini
collection DOAJ
description Climate neutrality is one of the greatest challenges of our century, and a decarbonised energy system is a key step towards this goal. To this end, the electricity system is expected to become more interconnected, digitalised, and flexible by engaging consumers both through microgeneration and through demand side flexibility. A successful use of these flexibility tools depends widely on the evaluation of their effects, hence the definition of methods to assess and evaluate them is essential for their implementation. In order to enable a reliable assessment of the benefits from participating in demand response, it is necessary to define a reference value (“baseline”) to allow for a fair comparison. Different methodologies have been investigated, developed, and adopted for estimating the customer baseline load. The article presents a structured overview of methods for the estimating the customer baseline load, based on a review of academic literature, existing standardisation efforts, and lessons from use cases. In particular, the article describes and focuses on the different baseline methods applied in some European H2020 projects, showing the results achieved in terms of measurement accuracy and costs in real test cases. The most suitable methodology choice among the several available depends on many factors. Some of them can be the function of the Demand Response (DR) service in the system, the broader regulatory framework for DR participation in wholesale markets, or the DR providers characteristics, and this list is not exclusive. The evaluation shows that the baseline methodology choice presents a trade-off among complexity, accuracy, and cost.
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spelling doaj.art-7016d7512a834249b2beec00397ea3f92023-12-03T15:00:55ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-07-011514525910.3390/en15145259Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline LoadOttavia Valentini0Nikoleta Andreadou1Paolo Bertoldi2Alexandre Lucas3Iolanda Saviuc4Evangelos Kotsakis5European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, ItalyEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, ItalyDepartment of Engineering Management, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, BelgiumEuropean Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, ItalyClimate neutrality is one of the greatest challenges of our century, and a decarbonised energy system is a key step towards this goal. To this end, the electricity system is expected to become more interconnected, digitalised, and flexible by engaging consumers both through microgeneration and through demand side flexibility. A successful use of these flexibility tools depends widely on the evaluation of their effects, hence the definition of methods to assess and evaluate them is essential for their implementation. In order to enable a reliable assessment of the benefits from participating in demand response, it is necessary to define a reference value (“baseline”) to allow for a fair comparison. Different methodologies have been investigated, developed, and adopted for estimating the customer baseline load. The article presents a structured overview of methods for the estimating the customer baseline load, based on a review of academic literature, existing standardisation efforts, and lessons from use cases. In particular, the article describes and focuses on the different baseline methods applied in some European H2020 projects, showing the results achieved in terms of measurement accuracy and costs in real test cases. The most suitable methodology choice among the several available depends on many factors. Some of them can be the function of the Demand Response (DR) service in the system, the broader regulatory framework for DR participation in wholesale markets, or the DR providers characteristics, and this list is not exclusive. The evaluation shows that the baseline methodology choice presents a trade-off among complexity, accuracy, and cost.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5259demand responsesmart gridsbaselinesflexibility: decarbonisationH2020 projects
spellingShingle Ottavia Valentini
Nikoleta Andreadou
Paolo Bertoldi
Alexandre Lucas
Iolanda Saviuc
Evangelos Kotsakis
Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load
Energies
demand response
smart grids
baselines
flexibility: decarbonisation
H2020 projects
title Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load
title_full Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load
title_fullStr Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load
title_full_unstemmed Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load
title_short Demand Response Impact Evaluation: A Review of Methods for Estimating the Customer Baseline Load
title_sort demand response impact evaluation a review of methods for estimating the customer baseline load
topic demand response
smart grids
baselines
flexibility: decarbonisation
H2020 projects
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/14/5259
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