MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice
Background MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4–CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied. We therefore studied...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003615 |
| _version_ | 1818347923166986240 |
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| author | Yifang Fan Xiaoxing Xiong Yongming Zhang Dongmei Yan Zhihong Jian Baohui Xu Heng Zhao |
| author_facet | Yifang Fan Xiaoxing Xiong Yongming Zhang Dongmei Yan Zhihong Jian Baohui Xu Heng Zhao |
| author_sort | Yifang Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4–CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied. We therefore studied the role of MKEY in stroke‐induced brain injury in mice. Methods and Results MKEY was injected into mice after stroke with 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were measured. Protein levels of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 were detected by Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. Numbers of microglia‐derived macrophages (MiMΦs) and monocyte‐derived MΦs (MoMΦs) in the brain, and their subsets, based on the surface markers CD45, CD11b, CCR2, CX3CR1, and Ly6C, were analyzed by FACS. MΦs and neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic brain were stained with CD68 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), respectively, and assessed by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. The results showed that expressions of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5, were increased in the ischemic brain after stroke. MKEY injection significantly reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores measured 72 hours after stroke. In addition, MKEY injection inhibited the number of MoMΦs, but not MiMΦs, in the ischemic brain. Furthermore, MKEY inhibited protein expression levels of Ly6C,CCR2, and CX3CR1 on MoMΦs. Lastly, the confocal study also suggests that the number of CD68‐positive MΦs and MPO‐positive neutrophils was inhibited by MKEY injection. Conclusions MKEY injection protects against stroke‐induced brain injury, probably by inhibiting MoMΦ‐mediated neuroinflammation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T17:41:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70241ee9452c4a87982e52c0bd22868c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T17:41:52Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-70241ee9452c4a87982e52c0bd22868c2022-12-21T23:36:43ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802016-09-0159n/an/a10.1161/JAHA.116.003615MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in MiceYifang Fan0Xiaoxing Xiong1Yongming Zhang2Dongmei Yan3Zhihong Jian4Baohui Xu5Heng Zhao6Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CADepartment of Surgery Stanford University Stanford CADepartment of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CABackground MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4–CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied. We therefore studied the role of MKEY in stroke‐induced brain injury in mice. Methods and Results MKEY was injected into mice after stroke with 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volume and neurological deficit scores were measured. Protein levels of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 were detected by Western blot and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. Numbers of microglia‐derived macrophages (MiMΦs) and monocyte‐derived MΦs (MoMΦs) in the brain, and their subsets, based on the surface markers CD45, CD11b, CCR2, CX3CR1, and Ly6C, were analyzed by FACS. MΦs and neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic brain were stained with CD68 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), respectively, and assessed by immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. The results showed that expressions of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5, were increased in the ischemic brain after stroke. MKEY injection significantly reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores measured 72 hours after stroke. In addition, MKEY injection inhibited the number of MoMΦs, but not MiMΦs, in the ischemic brain. Furthermore, MKEY inhibited protein expression levels of Ly6C,CCR2, and CX3CR1 on MoMΦs. Lastly, the confocal study also suggests that the number of CD68‐positive MΦs and MPO‐positive neutrophils was inhibited by MKEY injection. Conclusions MKEY injection protects against stroke‐induced brain injury, probably by inhibiting MoMΦ‐mediated neuroinflammation.https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003615cerebrovascular disease/strokeimmunologyinfarct or infarctioninflammation |
| spellingShingle | Yifang Fan Xiaoxing Xiong Yongming Zhang Dongmei Yan Zhihong Jian Baohui Xu Heng Zhao MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease cerebrovascular disease/stroke immunology infarct or infarction inflammation |
| title | MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice |
| title_full | MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice |
| title_fullStr | MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice |
| title_short | MKEY, a Peptide Inhibitor of CXCL4‐CCL5 Heterodimer Formation, Protects Against Stroke in Mice |
| title_sort | mkey a peptide inhibitor of cxcl4 ccl5 heterodimer formation protects against stroke in mice |
| topic | cerebrovascular disease/stroke immunology infarct or infarction inflammation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003615 |
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