Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus
The thalamus may be the critical brain area involved in sensory gating and the relay of respiratory mechanical information to the cerebral cortex for the conscious awareness of breathing. We hypothesized that respiratory mechanical stimuli in the form of tracheal occlusions would modulate the gene e...
| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , , |
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| Médium: | Článek |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2011-05-01
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| Edice: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Témata: | |
| On-line přístup: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2011.00024/full |
| _version_ | 1828350844224929792 |
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| author | Vipa eBernhardt Mark T. Hotchkiss Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero Barbara Lynn Escalon Nancy eDenslow Nancy eDenslow Paul W Davenport |
| author_facet | Vipa eBernhardt Mark T. Hotchkiss Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero Barbara Lynn Escalon Nancy eDenslow Nancy eDenslow Paul W Davenport |
| author_sort | Vipa eBernhardt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The thalamus may be the critical brain area involved in sensory gating and the relay of respiratory mechanical information to the cerebral cortex for the conscious awareness of breathing. We hypothesized that respiratory mechanical stimuli in the form of tracheal occlusions would modulate the gene expression profile of the thalamus. Specifically, it was reasoned that conditioning to the respiratory loading would induce a state change in the medial thalamus consistent with a change in sensory gating and the activation of molecular pathways associated with learning and memory. In addition, respiratory loading is stressful and thus should elicit changes in gene expressions related to stress, anxiety, and depression. Rats were instrumented with inflatable tracheal cuffs. Following surgical recovery, they underwent ten days (5 days/week) of transient tracheal occlusion conditioning. On day 10, the animals were sacrificed and the brains removed. The medial thalamus was dissected and microarray analysis of gene expression performed. Tracheal obstruction conditioning modulated a total of 661 genes (p < 0.05, log2 fold change ≥ 0.58), 250 genes were down-regulated and 411 up-regulated. There was a significant down-regulation of GAD1, GAD2 and HTR1A, HTR2A genes. CCK, PRKCG, mGluR4, and KCJN9 genes were significantly up-regulated. Some of these genes have been associated with anxiety and depression, while others have been shown to play a role in switching between tonic and burst firing modes in the thalamus and thus may be involved in gating of the respiratory stimuli. Furthermore, gene ontology and pathway analysis showed a significant modulation of learning and memory pathways. These results support the hypothesis that the medial thalamus is involved in the respiratory sensory neural pathway due to the state change of its gene expression profile following repeated tracheal occlusions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:30:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70363cf33ed14b51a35b87d22ac7230c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:30:57Z |
| publishDate | 2011-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-70363cf33ed14b51a35b87d22ac7230c2022-12-22T02:20:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2011-05-01210.3389/fphys.2011.000248827Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamusVipa eBernhardt0Mark T. Hotchkiss1Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero2Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero3Barbara Lynn Escalon4Nancy eDenslow5Nancy eDenslow6Paul W Davenport7University of FloridaUniversity of FloridaJackson State UniversityUniversity of FloridaUS Army Corp of EngineersUniversity of FloridaUniversity of FloridaUniversity of FloridaThe thalamus may be the critical brain area involved in sensory gating and the relay of respiratory mechanical information to the cerebral cortex for the conscious awareness of breathing. We hypothesized that respiratory mechanical stimuli in the form of tracheal occlusions would modulate the gene expression profile of the thalamus. Specifically, it was reasoned that conditioning to the respiratory loading would induce a state change in the medial thalamus consistent with a change in sensory gating and the activation of molecular pathways associated with learning and memory. In addition, respiratory loading is stressful and thus should elicit changes in gene expressions related to stress, anxiety, and depression. Rats were instrumented with inflatable tracheal cuffs. Following surgical recovery, they underwent ten days (5 days/week) of transient tracheal occlusion conditioning. On day 10, the animals were sacrificed and the brains removed. The medial thalamus was dissected and microarray analysis of gene expression performed. Tracheal obstruction conditioning modulated a total of 661 genes (p < 0.05, log2 fold change ≥ 0.58), 250 genes were down-regulated and 411 up-regulated. There was a significant down-regulation of GAD1, GAD2 and HTR1A, HTR2A genes. CCK, PRKCG, mGluR4, and KCJN9 genes were significantly up-regulated. Some of these genes have been associated with anxiety and depression, while others have been shown to play a role in switching between tonic and burst firing modes in the thalamus and thus may be involved in gating of the respiratory stimuli. Furthermore, gene ontology and pathway analysis showed a significant modulation of learning and memory pathways. These results support the hypothesis that the medial thalamus is involved in the respiratory sensory neural pathway due to the state change of its gene expression profile following repeated tracheal occlusions.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2011.00024/fullstressControl of Breathingload compensationrespiratory load |
| spellingShingle | Vipa eBernhardt Mark T. Hotchkiss Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero Natàlia eGarcia-Reyero Barbara Lynn Escalon Nancy eDenslow Nancy eDenslow Paul W Davenport Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus Frontiers in Physiology stress Control of Breathing load compensation respiratory load |
| title | Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus |
| title_full | Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus |
| title_fullStr | Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus |
| title_short | Tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus |
| title_sort | tracheal occlusion conditioning in conscious rats modulates gene expression profile of medial thalamus |
| topic | stress Control of Breathing load compensation respiratory load |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2011.00024/full |
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