Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Background and objectivesAccurate identification and evaluation of the parathyroid glands (PGs) intraoperatively is critical to reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFI), including the autofluorescence (AF) and indoc...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.897797/full |
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| author | Supeng Yin Bin Pan Bin Pan Zeyu Yang Mi Tang Hongbiao Mo Yao Li Ziying Yi Tingjie Yin Cong Shao Cunye Yan Linlong Mo Yuquan Yuan Yuquan Yuan Yiceng Sun Fan Zhang |
| author_facet | Supeng Yin Bin Pan Bin Pan Zeyu Yang Mi Tang Hongbiao Mo Yao Li Ziying Yi Tingjie Yin Cong Shao Cunye Yan Linlong Mo Yuquan Yuan Yuquan Yuan Yiceng Sun Fan Zhang |
| author_sort | Supeng Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and objectivesAccurate identification and evaluation of the parathyroid glands (PGs) intraoperatively is critical to reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFI), including the autofluorescence (AF) and indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF) imaging, is a promising technique to protect PGs. This study aimed to assess whether the combined use of AF and ICGF could reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and improve the identification and evaluation of PGs during total thyroidectomy.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial enrolled 180 patients who were randomized into two groups and underwent total thyroidectomy with unilateral or bilateral central lymph node dissection. In the control group, the PGs were identified and evaluated by the naked eye. In the NIFI group, AF was used to identify the PGs and ICGF was applied to assess the blood perfusion of the PGs in situ. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The secondary outcomes included the number of identified PGs, autotransplanted PGs, and known preserved PGs in situ.ResultsThe incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower in the NIFI group than in the control group (27.8% vs. 43.3%, P = 0.029). More PGs were identified in the NIFI group than in the control group (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4, P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the number of autotransplanted PGs between the two groups (P = 0.134). Compared with the control group, a greater number of known PGs were preserved in situ in the NIFI group (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). In the NIFI group, only 4.5% of the patients with at least one well-perfused PG (ICG score of 2) developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (34.6%, P < 0.001).ConclusionCombined use of AF and ICGF during total thyroidectomy reduces the risk of transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism, enhances the ability to identify and preserve PGs, and improves the accuracy of evaluating the perfusion of PGs during surgery.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Register (www.chictr.org.cn), identifier ChiCTR2100045320. Registered on April 12, 2021. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:21:29Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:21:29Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-703d3c5f6847497a8cf213b7b85be40c2022-12-22T00:29:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-06-011310.3389/fendo.2022.897797897797Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled TrialSupeng Yin0Bin Pan1Bin Pan2Zeyu Yang3Mi Tang4Hongbiao Mo5Yao Li6Ziying Yi7Tingjie Yin8Cong Shao9Cunye Yan10Linlong Mo11Yuquan Yuan12Yuquan Yuan13Yiceng Sun14Fan Zhang15Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaGraduate School of Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaGraduate School of Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaBackground and objectivesAccurate identification and evaluation of the parathyroid glands (PGs) intraoperatively is critical to reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFI), including the autofluorescence (AF) and indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF) imaging, is a promising technique to protect PGs. This study aimed to assess whether the combined use of AF and ICGF could reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and improve the identification and evaluation of PGs during total thyroidectomy.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial enrolled 180 patients who were randomized into two groups and underwent total thyroidectomy with unilateral or bilateral central lymph node dissection. In the control group, the PGs were identified and evaluated by the naked eye. In the NIFI group, AF was used to identify the PGs and ICGF was applied to assess the blood perfusion of the PGs in situ. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The secondary outcomes included the number of identified PGs, autotransplanted PGs, and known preserved PGs in situ.ResultsThe incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower in the NIFI group than in the control group (27.8% vs. 43.3%, P = 0.029). More PGs were identified in the NIFI group than in the control group (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4, P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the number of autotransplanted PGs between the two groups (P = 0.134). Compared with the control group, a greater number of known PGs were preserved in situ in the NIFI group (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5, P < 0.001). In the NIFI group, only 4.5% of the patients with at least one well-perfused PG (ICG score of 2) developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (34.6%, P < 0.001).ConclusionCombined use of AF and ICGF during total thyroidectomy reduces the risk of transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism, enhances the ability to identify and preserve PGs, and improves the accuracy of evaluating the perfusion of PGs during surgery.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Register (www.chictr.org.cn), identifier ChiCTR2100045320. Registered on April 12, 2021.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.897797/fullparathyroid glandsnear-infrared fluorescence imagingautofluorescenceindocyanine greenthyroidectomy |
| spellingShingle | Supeng Yin Bin Pan Bin Pan Zeyu Yang Mi Tang Hongbiao Mo Yao Li Ziying Yi Tingjie Yin Cong Shao Cunye Yan Linlong Mo Yuquan Yuan Yuquan Yuan Yiceng Sun Fan Zhang Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Frontiers in Endocrinology parathyroid glands near-infrared fluorescence imaging autofluorescence indocyanine green thyroidectomy |
| title | Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Combined Use of Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in the Identification and Evaluation of Parathyroid Glands During Total Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | combined use of autofluorescence and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in the identification and evaluation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | parathyroid glands near-infrared fluorescence imaging autofluorescence indocyanine green thyroidectomy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.897797/full |
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