Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect
Repat (=response to pathogen) is proposed for an immune-associated gene family from <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a lepidopteran insect. In this gene family, 46 members (<i>Repat1</i>–<i>Repat46</i>) have been identified. They show marked variations in their inducible...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/5/449 |
| _version_ | 1827692493907427328 |
|---|---|
| author | Md Tafim Hossain Hrithik Mohammad Vatanparast Shabbir Ahmed Yonggyun Kim |
| author_facet | Md Tafim Hossain Hrithik Mohammad Vatanparast Shabbir Ahmed Yonggyun Kim |
| author_sort | Md Tafim Hossain Hrithik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Repat (=response to pathogen) is proposed for an immune-associated gene family from <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a lepidopteran insect. In this gene family, 46 members (<i>Repat1</i>–<i>Repat46</i>) have been identified. They show marked variations in their inducible expression patterns in response to infections by different microbial pathogens. However, their physiological functions in specific immune responses and their interactions with other immune signaling pathways remain unclear. <i>Repat33</i> is a gene highly inducible by bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the physiological functions of <i>Repat33</i> in mediating cellular and humoral immune responses. Results showed that <i>Repat33</i> was expressed in all developmental stages and induced in immune-associated tissues such as hemocytes and the fat body. RNA interference (RNAi) of <i>Repat33</i> expression inhibited the hemocyte-spreading behavior which impaired nodule formation of hemocytes against bacterial infections. Such RNAi treatment also down-regulated expression levels of some antimicrobial genes. Interestingly, <i>Repat33</i> expression was controlled by eicosanoids. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis by RNAi against a phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>) gene suppressed <i>Repat33</i> expression while an addition of arachidonic acid (a catalytic product of PLA<sub>2</sub>) to RNAi treatment recovered such suppression of <i>Repat33</i> expression. These results suggest that Repat33 is a downstream component of eicosanoids in mediating immune responses of <i>S. exigua</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:24:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-704cfe73a3bb4399abc9fa19aad5555d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:24:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-704cfe73a3bb4399abc9fa19aad5555d2023-11-21T19:45:38ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-05-0112544910.3390/insects12050449Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran InsectMd Tafim Hossain Hrithik0Mohammad Vatanparast1Shabbir Ahmed2Yonggyun Kim3Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, KoreaDepartment of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, KoreaDepartment of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, KoreaDepartment of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 36729, KoreaRepat (=response to pathogen) is proposed for an immune-associated gene family from <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a lepidopteran insect. In this gene family, 46 members (<i>Repat1</i>–<i>Repat46</i>) have been identified. They show marked variations in their inducible expression patterns in response to infections by different microbial pathogens. However, their physiological functions in specific immune responses and their interactions with other immune signaling pathways remain unclear. <i>Repat33</i> is a gene highly inducible by bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the physiological functions of <i>Repat33</i> in mediating cellular and humoral immune responses. Results showed that <i>Repat33</i> was expressed in all developmental stages and induced in immune-associated tissues such as hemocytes and the fat body. RNA interference (RNAi) of <i>Repat33</i> expression inhibited the hemocyte-spreading behavior which impaired nodule formation of hemocytes against bacterial infections. Such RNAi treatment also down-regulated expression levels of some antimicrobial genes. Interestingly, <i>Repat33</i> expression was controlled by eicosanoids. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis by RNAi against a phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>) gene suppressed <i>Repat33</i> expression while an addition of arachidonic acid (a catalytic product of PLA<sub>2</sub>) to RNAi treatment recovered such suppression of <i>Repat33</i> expression. These results suggest that Repat33 is a downstream component of eicosanoids in mediating immune responses of <i>S. exigua</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/5/449immunityrepateicosanoidPLA<sub>2</sub>nodulationAMP |
| spellingShingle | Md Tafim Hossain Hrithik Mohammad Vatanparast Shabbir Ahmed Yonggyun Kim Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect Insects immunity repat eicosanoid PLA<sub>2</sub> nodulation AMP |
| title | Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect |
| title_full | Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect |
| title_fullStr | Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect |
| title_short | Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>, a Lepidopteran Insect |
| title_sort | repat33 acts as a downstream component of eicosanoid signaling pathway mediating immune responses of i spodoptera exigua i a lepidopteran insect |
| topic | immunity repat eicosanoid PLA<sub>2</sub> nodulation AMP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/5/449 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mdtafimhossainhrithik repat33actsasadownstreamcomponentofeicosanoidsignalingpathwaymediatingimmuneresponsesofispodopteraexiguaialepidopteraninsect AT mohammadvatanparast repat33actsasadownstreamcomponentofeicosanoidsignalingpathwaymediatingimmuneresponsesofispodopteraexiguaialepidopteraninsect AT shabbirahmed repat33actsasadownstreamcomponentofeicosanoidsignalingpathwaymediatingimmuneresponsesofispodopteraexiguaialepidopteraninsect AT yonggyunkim repat33actsasadownstreamcomponentofeicosanoidsignalingpathwaymediatingimmuneresponsesofispodopteraexiguaialepidopteraninsect |