| Summary: | A comprehensive study on chemical characterization of essential oil (EO) constituents of a rarely explored plant species (<i>Matricaria aurea</i>) of the Asteraceae family grown in Saudi Arabia and Jordan was carried out. Analyses were conducted employing gas chromatographic approaches such as GC-MS, GC-FID, and Co-GC, as well as RT, LRI determination, and database and literature comparisons, on two diverse stationary phase columns, which led to the identification of a total of 135 constituents from both EOs. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found to be the most predominant chemical class of Saudi <i>M. aurea</i> EOs, in which <i>α</i>-bisabolol (27.8%), <i>γ</i>-gurjunenepoxide (21.7%), (<i>E</i>, <i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-farnesene (16.3%), and <i>cis</i>-spiroether (7.5%) were present as major components. In contrast, the most dominant chemical class of Jordanian <i>M. aurea</i> oil was found to be sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, where (<i>E</i>, <i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-farnesene (50.2%), <i>γ</i>-gurjunenepoxide (8.5%), (<i>E</i>)-<i>β</i>-farnesene (8.1%), and (<i>Z</i>, <i>E</i>)-<i>α</i>-farnesene (4.4%) were detected as chief constituents. It is interesting to mention here that Saudi and Jordanian <i>M. aurea</i> EOs showed quite interesting chemical compositions and were found to have different chemotypes when compared to previously reported <i>M. aurea</i> EO compositions.
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