YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023)
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of yellow fever (YF), which affects both humans and non-human primates (NHP). Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017–2018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/31 |
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| author | Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira Anna Catarina Dias Soares Guimarães Gabriel Dias Moreira Thais Alkifeles Costa Matheus Soares Arruda Érica Munhoz de Mello Marlise Costa Silva Munique Guimarães de Almeida Kathryn A. Hanley Nikos Vasilakis Betânia Paiva Drumond |
| author_facet | Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira Anna Catarina Dias Soares Guimarães Gabriel Dias Moreira Thais Alkifeles Costa Matheus Soares Arruda Érica Munhoz de Mello Marlise Costa Silva Munique Guimarães de Almeida Kathryn A. Hanley Nikos Vasilakis Betânia Paiva Drumond |
| author_sort | Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of yellow fever (YF), which affects both humans and non-human primates (NHP). Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017–2018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epizootics cases, mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study aimed to investigate whether YFV circulation persisted in NHP after the human outbreak had subsided. To this end, NHP carcass samples collected in Minas Gerais from 2021 to 2023 were screened for YFV. RNA was extracted from tissue fragments and used in RT-qPCR targeting the YFV 5’UTR. Liver and lung samples from 166 animals were tested, and the detection of the β-actin mRNA was used to ensure adequacy of RNA isolation. YFV RNA was detected in the liver of 18 NHP carcasses collected mainly from urban areas in 2021 and 2022. YFV positive NHP were mostly represented by <i>Callithrix,</i> from 5 out of the 12 grouped municipalities (mesoregions) in Minas Gerais state. These findings reveal the continued YFV circulation in NHP in urban areas of Minas Gerais during 2021 and 2022, with the attendant risk of re-establishing the urban YFV cycle. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70558cab82ac4d298d838f59803cab0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-70558cab82ac4d298d838f59803cab0f2024-01-26T18:47:23ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-12-011613110.3390/v16010031YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023)Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira0Anna Catarina Dias Soares Guimarães1Gabriel Dias Moreira2Thais Alkifeles Costa3Matheus Soares Arruda4Érica Munhoz de Mello5Marlise Costa Silva6Munique Guimarães de Almeida7Kathryn A. Hanley8Nikos Vasilakis9Betânia Paiva Drumond10Laboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, BrazilLaboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, BrazilLaboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, BrazilLaboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, BrazilLaboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, BrazilCentro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratório de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-705, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8801, USADepartment of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USALaboratório de Vírus, Departament of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, BrazilYellow fever virus (YFV) is the agent of yellow fever (YF), which affects both humans and non-human primates (NHP). Neotropical NHP are highly susceptible to YFV and considered sentinels for YFV circulation. Brazil faced a significant YF outbreak in 2017–2018, with over 2000 human cases and 2000 epizootics cases, mainly in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study aimed to investigate whether YFV circulation persisted in NHP after the human outbreak had subsided. To this end, NHP carcass samples collected in Minas Gerais from 2021 to 2023 were screened for YFV. RNA was extracted from tissue fragments and used in RT-qPCR targeting the YFV 5’UTR. Liver and lung samples from 166 animals were tested, and the detection of the β-actin mRNA was used to ensure adequacy of RNA isolation. YFV RNA was detected in the liver of 18 NHP carcasses collected mainly from urban areas in 2021 and 2022. YFV positive NHP were mostly represented by <i>Callithrix,</i> from 5 out of the 12 grouped municipalities (mesoregions) in Minas Gerais state. These findings reveal the continued YFV circulation in NHP in urban areas of Minas Gerais during 2021 and 2022, with the attendant risk of re-establishing the urban YFV cycle.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/31Brazilyellow feveryellow fever virusepizooticsoutbreaksnon-human primate |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela F. Garcia-Oliveira Anna Catarina Dias Soares Guimarães Gabriel Dias Moreira Thais Alkifeles Costa Matheus Soares Arruda Érica Munhoz de Mello Marlise Costa Silva Munique Guimarães de Almeida Kathryn A. Hanley Nikos Vasilakis Betânia Paiva Drumond YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023) Viruses Brazil yellow fever yellow fever virus epizootics outbreaks non-human primate |
| title | YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023) |
| title_full | YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023) |
| title_fullStr | YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023) |
| title_full_unstemmed | YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023) |
| title_short | YELLOW ALERT: Persistent Yellow Fever Virus Circulation among Non-Human Primates in Urban Areas of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2021–2023) |
| title_sort | yellow alert persistent yellow fever virus circulation among non human primates in urban areas of minas gerais state brazil 2021 2023 |
| topic | Brazil yellow fever yellow fever virus epizootics outbreaks non-human primate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/31 |
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