Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy
In this study, mineral components extracted during the desalination process were concentrated and dried, and then identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. For detailed identification, two-dimensional correlation spec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/23/7852 |
| _version_ | 1797399778682732544 |
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| author | Ho Ji Yeonju Park Young Mee Jung |
| author_facet | Ho Ji Yeonju Park Young Mee Jung |
| author_sort | Ho Ji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, mineral components extracted during the desalination process were concentrated and dried, and then identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. For detailed identification, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was also applied to the XRD patterns, IR spectra, and Raman spectra of the minerals obtained from each desalination step. The EDS results confirm the presence of seawater minerals rich in Na<sup>+</sup> ions in the first and second extracts, Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions are present only in these stages, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions are abundant in the third and final extracts. The presence of NaCl and MgSO<sub>4</sub> minerals in the first to third and final extracts, respectively, was confirmed using XRD patterns. From the IR and Raman spectra, we found that the degree of hydration of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-related extracts decreased as seawater underwent desalination. Furthermore, 2D-COS provides information about the changes in the extracts obtained from the first to final stage. Heterospectral XRD and Raman 2D-COS provides clear assignments for Raman spectra. The use of 2D-COS helps to understand the characteristics of seawater extracts during the desalination process, and provides a better understanding of chemical and structural adaptations within the extract. As a result, this method contributes to an improved understanding of the desalination process and final products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:46:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-705a2521db764ab38907dc580483a8b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:46:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-705a2521db764ab38907dc580483a8b52023-12-08T15:22:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-11-012823785210.3390/molecules28237852Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation SpectroscopyHo Ji0Yeonju Park1Young Mee Jung2Seawater Utilization Plant Research Center (SUPRC), Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Goseong-gun 24747, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaIn this study, mineral components extracted during the desalination process were concentrated and dried, and then identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. For detailed identification, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was also applied to the XRD patterns, IR spectra, and Raman spectra of the minerals obtained from each desalination step. The EDS results confirm the presence of seawater minerals rich in Na<sup>+</sup> ions in the first and second extracts, Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions are present only in these stages, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions are abundant in the third and final extracts. The presence of NaCl and MgSO<sub>4</sub> minerals in the first to third and final extracts, respectively, was confirmed using XRD patterns. From the IR and Raman spectra, we found that the degree of hydration of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>-related extracts decreased as seawater underwent desalination. Furthermore, 2D-COS provides information about the changes in the extracts obtained from the first to final stage. Heterospectral XRD and Raman 2D-COS provides clear assignments for Raman spectra. The use of 2D-COS helps to understand the characteristics of seawater extracts during the desalination process, and provides a better understanding of chemical and structural adaptations within the extract. As a result, this method contributes to an improved understanding of the desalination process and final products.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/23/7852desalinationspectroscopyseawatermineral2D-COS |
| spellingShingle | Ho Ji Yeonju Park Young Mee Jung Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy Molecules desalination spectroscopy seawater mineral 2D-COS |
| title | Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Investigation of Minerals Extracted during Seawater Desalination Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | investigation of minerals extracted during seawater desalination using two dimensional correlation spectroscopy |
| topic | desalination spectroscopy seawater mineral 2D-COS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/23/7852 |
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