THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS
Objective: To find out the mediating role of challenge, uncontrollability, and stressfulness in predicting perceived stress from threat during COVID-19 pandemic in the general public. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Bahawalpur City, from Mar to May 2020. M...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Army Medical College Rawalpindi
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/view/4332/3575 |
| _version_ | 1819038378809622528 |
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| author | Ahmad Bilal Minahil Aamir |
| author_facet | Ahmad Bilal Minahil Aamir |
| author_sort | Ahmad Bilal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To find out the mediating role of challenge, uncontrollability, and stressfulness in predicting perceived stress from threat during COVID-19 pandemic in the general public.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Bahawalpur City, from Mar to May 2020.
Methodology: A total of 360 participants (men=154, women=206) were recruited from different cities of Punjab province. The stress appraisal measure, perceived stress scale, and coping scale were administered through Google forms using social media platforms. The participation in the online survey implied signing the written informed consent available in the survey.
Results: The primary and secondary appraisals of challenge (IE=0.84, SE=0.27, 95% LL=0.31, 95% UL=1.40), uncontrollability (IE=1.03, SE=0.36, 95% LL=0.34, 95% UL=1.76), and stressfulness (IE=-0.28, SE=0.12, 95% LL=-0.56, 95% UL=-0.08) fully mediated the relationship between threat of COVID-19 and perceived stress. Additionally, there was statistically significant positive relationship between threat of COVID-19 and use of coping strategies (r=0.14, p<0.01). The statistics of women regarding appraisals of threat, uncontrollability, stressfulness and perceived stress (2.94 ± 0.88); (2.49 ± 0.84); (2.87 ± 0.73); (19.92 ± 6.08), were found to be slightly higher on as compared to men (2.76 ± 0.82); (2.25 ± 0.81); (2.58 ± 0.76); (18.41 ± 5.37) respectively with p=0.01, Cohen’s d=0.21); p=0.001, Cohen’s d=0.29); p=0.001, Cohen’s d=0.38); (p=0.01, Cohen’s d=0.26).
Conclusion: The threat of COVID-19 significantly led to the experience of perceived stress through the mediating role of primary and secondary appraisals of challenge, uncontrollability, and stressfulness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:36:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-705e3ea6d149499f99323b0aa9839dd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0030-9648 2411-8842 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:36:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Army Medical College Rawalpindi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-705e3ea6d149499f99323b0aa9839dd02022-12-21T19:10:03ZengArmy Medical College RawalpindiPakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal0030-96482411-88422021-10-0171515711576THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESSAhmad Bilal0Minahil Aamir1The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur PakistanThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur PakistanObjective: To find out the mediating role of challenge, uncontrollability, and stressfulness in predicting perceived stress from threat during COVID-19 pandemic in the general public. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Bahawalpur City, from Mar to May 2020. Methodology: A total of 360 participants (men=154, women=206) were recruited from different cities of Punjab province. The stress appraisal measure, perceived stress scale, and coping scale were administered through Google forms using social media platforms. The participation in the online survey implied signing the written informed consent available in the survey. Results: The primary and secondary appraisals of challenge (IE=0.84, SE=0.27, 95% LL=0.31, 95% UL=1.40), uncontrollability (IE=1.03, SE=0.36, 95% LL=0.34, 95% UL=1.76), and stressfulness (IE=-0.28, SE=0.12, 95% LL=-0.56, 95% UL=-0.08) fully mediated the relationship between threat of COVID-19 and perceived stress. Additionally, there was statistically significant positive relationship between threat of COVID-19 and use of coping strategies (r=0.14, p<0.01). The statistics of women regarding appraisals of threat, uncontrollability, stressfulness and perceived stress (2.94 ± 0.88); (2.49 ± 0.84); (2.87 ± 0.73); (19.92 ± 6.08), were found to be slightly higher on as compared to men (2.76 ± 0.82); (2.25 ± 0.81); (2.58 ± 0.76); (18.41 ± 5.37) respectively with p=0.01, Cohen’s d=0.21); p=0.001, Cohen’s d=0.29); p=0.001, Cohen’s d=0.38); (p=0.01, Cohen’s d=0.26). Conclusion: The threat of COVID-19 significantly led to the experience of perceived stress through the mediating role of primary and secondary appraisals of challenge, uncontrollability, and stressfulness.https://www.pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/view/4332/3575covid 19primary appraisalsecondary appraisalstress appraisalperceived stresscopinggender |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Bilal Minahil Aamir THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal covid 19 primary appraisal secondary appraisal stress appraisal perceived stress coping gender |
| title | THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS |
| title_full | THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS |
| title_fullStr | THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS |
| title_full_unstemmed | THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS |
| title_short | THREAT OF COVID-19 AND PERCEIVED STRESS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CHALLENGE, UNCONTROLLABILITY AND STRESSFULNESS |
| title_sort | threat of covid 19 and perceived stress the mediating role of challenge uncontrollability and stressfulness |
| topic | covid 19 primary appraisal secondary appraisal stress appraisal perceived stress coping gender |
| url | https://www.pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/view/4332/3575 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmadbilal threatofcovid19andperceivedstressthemediatingroleofchallengeuncontrollabilityandstressfulness AT minahilaamir threatofcovid19andperceivedstressthemediatingroleofchallengeuncontrollabilityandstressfulness |