The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study
Objectives: Despite the importance of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the population, the risk factors predisposing infants to be born with non-syndromic CHD are not well understood yet. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, we recruited consecutive 109 infants with non-syndromic CHD who...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Aras Part Medical International Press
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.cjmb.org/pdf.php?id=513 |
| _version_ | 1818016829819322368 |
|---|---|
| author | Shamsi Ghaffari Shirin Forooghifar Mohammad Naghavi Behzad Nazila Karzad Khazar Ghasempour Dabaghi Reza Piri Maryam Moradian Roghaye Nasiri Razieh Parizad Arezou Tajlil |
| author_facet | Shamsi Ghaffari Shirin Forooghifar Mohammad Naghavi Behzad Nazila Karzad Khazar Ghasempour Dabaghi Reza Piri Maryam Moradian Roghaye Nasiri Razieh Parizad Arezou Tajlil |
| author_sort | Shamsi Ghaffari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Despite the importance of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the population, the risk factors predisposing infants to be born with non-syndromic CHD are not well understood yet. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, we recruited consecutive 109 infants with non-syndromic CHD who were referred to our pediatric cardiac care clinic and then compared them with 117 infants without CHD (2015-2016). Paternal, maternal, and neonatal demographic information, maternal past medical history, and antenatal history were recorded for each child. To investigate the potential risk factors for developing CHD, infants with and without CHD were compared in terms of study variables. In a second analysis, preterm infants were excluded and term infants were compared regarding the study variables. Results: The findings revealed that higher maternal and paternal education were both associated with a lower risk of CHD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.93, P=0.031, and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89, P=0.023, respectively). The family history of CHD in the first- or second-degree relatives of infants was significantly associated with CHD (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.35-9.40, P=0.007). Several parameters were more prevalent in the CHD group, including having lower birth weight, having preterm birth, being the fourth birth order or higher, and not receiving maternity care under the supervision of a gynecologist. However, higher birth order and lower birth weight were not associated with CHD in exclusively term infants. Finally, a higher maternal educational level was related to lower CHD in term infants even after adjusting for a family history of CHD and preconception diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.45, 95% CI: 1.71-17.37, P=0.004). Conclusions: Our study findings demonstrate the need for a more enhanced primary care program, especially in patients with poor financial status and a family history of CHD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:18:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-705f558e63654eb2898ad379026920c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2148-9696 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T07:18:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Aras Part Medical International Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-705f558e63654eb2898ad379026920c22022-12-22T02:06:14ZengAras Part Medical International PressCrescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences2148-96962022-07-019315316010.34172/cjmb.2022.26cjmb-6079The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control StudyShamsi Ghaffari0Shirin Forooghifar1Mohammad Naghavi Behzad2Nazila Karzad3Khazar Ghasempour Dabaghi4Reza Piri5Maryam Moradian6Roghaye Nasiri7Razieh Parizad8Arezou Tajlil9Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.Objectives: Despite the importance of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the population, the risk factors predisposing infants to be born with non-syndromic CHD are not well understood yet. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, we recruited consecutive 109 infants with non-syndromic CHD who were referred to our pediatric cardiac care clinic and then compared them with 117 infants without CHD (2015-2016). Paternal, maternal, and neonatal demographic information, maternal past medical history, and antenatal history were recorded for each child. To investigate the potential risk factors for developing CHD, infants with and without CHD were compared in terms of study variables. In a second analysis, preterm infants were excluded and term infants were compared regarding the study variables. Results: The findings revealed that higher maternal and paternal education were both associated with a lower risk of CHD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.93, P=0.031, and OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.89, P=0.023, respectively). The family history of CHD in the first- or second-degree relatives of infants was significantly associated with CHD (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.35-9.40, P=0.007). Several parameters were more prevalent in the CHD group, including having lower birth weight, having preterm birth, being the fourth birth order or higher, and not receiving maternity care under the supervision of a gynecologist. However, higher birth order and lower birth weight were not associated with CHD in exclusively term infants. Finally, a higher maternal educational level was related to lower CHD in term infants even after adjusting for a family history of CHD and preconception diabetes mellitus (OR: 5.45, 95% CI: 1.71-17.37, P=0.004). Conclusions: Our study findings demonstrate the need for a more enhanced primary care program, especially in patients with poor financial status and a family history of CHD.http://www.cjmb.org/pdf.php?id=513congenital heart diseaserisk factorsageantenatal history |
| spellingShingle | Shamsi Ghaffari Shirin Forooghifar Mohammad Naghavi Behzad Nazila Karzad Khazar Ghasempour Dabaghi Reza Piri Maryam Moradian Roghaye Nasiri Razieh Parizad Arezou Tajlil The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences congenital heart disease risk factors age antenatal history |
| title | The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study |
| title_full | The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study |
| title_fullStr | The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study |
| title_short | The Predisposing Risk Factors for Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study |
| title_sort | predisposing risk factors for non syndromic congenital heart disease a case control study |
| topic | congenital heart disease risk factors age antenatal history |
| url | http://www.cjmb.org/pdf.php?id=513 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shamsighaffari thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT shirinforooghifar thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT mohammadnaghavibehzad thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT nazilakarzad thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT khazarghasempourdabaghi thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT rezapiri thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT maryammoradian thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT roghayenasiri thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT raziehparizad thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT arezoutajlil thepredisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT shamsighaffari predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT shirinforooghifar predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT mohammadnaghavibehzad predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT nazilakarzad predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT khazarghasempourdabaghi predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT rezapiri predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT maryammoradian predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT roghayenasiri predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT raziehparizad predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy AT arezoutajlil predisposingriskfactorsfornonsyndromiccongenitalheartdiseaseacasecontrolstudy |