The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes
Astaxanthin (ASTX) is an antioxidant agent. Recently, its use has been focused on the prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis. We examined the effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks on glucose metabolism, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and anthropometric indice...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4381 |
| _version_ | 1797501777693638656 |
|---|---|
| author | Masaharu Urakaze Chikaaki Kobashi Yukihiro Satou Kouichi Shigeta Masahiro Toshima Masatoshi Takagi Jiro Takahashi Hiroshi Nishida |
| author_facet | Masaharu Urakaze Chikaaki Kobashi Yukihiro Satou Kouichi Shigeta Masahiro Toshima Masatoshi Takagi Jiro Takahashi Hiroshi Nishida |
| author_sort | Masaharu Urakaze |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Astaxanthin (ASTX) is an antioxidant agent. Recently, its use has been focused on the prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis. We examined the effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks on glucose metabolism, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and anthropometric indices in healthy volunteers including subjects with prediabetes with a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: We enrolled 53 subjects who met our inclusion criteria and administered them with 12 mg astaxanthin or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Subsequently, their HbA1c levels, lipid profiles and biochemical parameters were determined. The participants also underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), vascular endothelial function test and measurement of the visceral fat area. Results: After astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks, glucose levels after 120 min in a 75 g OGTT significantly decreased compared to those before supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of HbA1c (5.64 ± 0.33 vs. 5.57 ± 0.39%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), apo E (4.43 ± 1.29 vs. 4.13 ± 1.24 mg/dL, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (87.3 ± 28.6 vs. 76.3 ± 24.6 U/L, <i>p</i> < 0.05) were also reduced, whereas total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) levels were unaltered. The Matuda index, which is one of the parameters of insulin resistance, was improved in the ASTX group compared to that before supplementation. Conclusions: our results suggest that ASTX may have preventive effects against diabetes and atherosclerosis and may be a novel complementary treatment option for the prevention of diabetes in healthy volunteers, including subjects with prediabetes, without adverse effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-705f8663496c4673919e9ac58f4b705a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-705f8663496c4673919e9ac58f4b705a2023-11-23T09:56:55ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-12-011312438110.3390/nu13124381The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with PrediabetesMasaharu Urakaze0Chikaaki Kobashi1Yukihiro Satou2Kouichi Shigeta3Masahiro Toshima4Masatoshi Takagi5Jiro Takahashi6Hiroshi Nishida7Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Kamiichi General Hospital, Kamiichi-machi 930-0391, Toyama Prefecture, JapanInternal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Kamiichi General Hospital, Kamiichi-machi 930-0391, Toyama Prefecture, JapanInternal Medicine, Kamiichi General Hospital, Kamiichi-machi 930-0391, Toyama Prefecture, JapanInternal Medicine, Kamiichi General Hospital, Kamiichi-machi 930-0391, Toyama Prefecture, JapanVascular Surgery, Kamiichi General Hospital, Kamiichi-machi 930-0391, Toyama Prefecture, JapanPharmacy, Kamiichi General Hospital, Kamiichi-machi 930-0391, Toyama Prefecture, JapanFuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Kamiichi-machi 930-0355, Toyama Prefecture, JapanFuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Kamiichi-machi 930-0355, Toyama Prefecture, JapanAstaxanthin (ASTX) is an antioxidant agent. Recently, its use has been focused on the prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis. We examined the effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks on glucose metabolism, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and anthropometric indices in healthy volunteers including subjects with prediabetes with a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: We enrolled 53 subjects who met our inclusion criteria and administered them with 12 mg astaxanthin or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Subsequently, their HbA1c levels, lipid profiles and biochemical parameters were determined. The participants also underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), vascular endothelial function test and measurement of the visceral fat area. Results: After astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks, glucose levels after 120 min in a 75 g OGTT significantly decreased compared to those before supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of HbA1c (5.64 ± 0.33 vs. 5.57 ± 0.39%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), apo E (4.43 ± 1.29 vs. 4.13 ± 1.24 mg/dL, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (87.3 ± 28.6 vs. 76.3 ± 24.6 U/L, <i>p</i> < 0.05) were also reduced, whereas total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) levels were unaltered. The Matuda index, which is one of the parameters of insulin resistance, was improved in the ASTX group compared to that before supplementation. Conclusions: our results suggest that ASTX may have preventive effects against diabetes and atherosclerosis and may be a novel complementary treatment option for the prevention of diabetes in healthy volunteers, including subjects with prediabetes, without adverse effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4381astaxanthinHbA1c75 g OGTTmalondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoproteinapolipoprotein E atherosclerosisprediabetes |
| spellingShingle | Masaharu Urakaze Chikaaki Kobashi Yukihiro Satou Kouichi Shigeta Masahiro Toshima Masatoshi Takagi Jiro Takahashi Hiroshi Nishida The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes Nutrients astaxanthin HbA1c 75 g OGTT malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein E atherosclerosis prediabetes |
| title | The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes |
| title_full | The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes |
| title_fullStr | The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes |
| title_short | The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes |
| title_sort | beneficial effects of astaxanthin on glucose metabolism and modified low density lipoprotein in healthy volunteers and subjects with prediabetes |
| topic | astaxanthin HbA1c 75 g OGTT malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein E atherosclerosis prediabetes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/12/4381 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT masaharuurakaze thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT chikaakikobashi thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT yukihirosatou thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT kouichishigeta thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT masahirotoshima thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT masatoshitakagi thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT jirotakahashi thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT hiroshinishida thebeneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT masaharuurakaze beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT chikaakikobashi beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT yukihirosatou beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT kouichishigeta beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT masahirotoshima beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT masatoshitakagi beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT jirotakahashi beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes AT hiroshinishida beneficialeffectsofastaxanthinonglucosemetabolismandmodifiedlowdensitylipoproteininhealthyvolunteersandsubjectswithprediabetes |