Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction
One of the most important by-products generated in the forestry industry is the bark obtained during the debarking process. Pine (<i>Pinus radiata</i> D. Don) and eucalyptus (<i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> L.) are the main important tree species exploited in the Chilean forestry...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Forests |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/895 |
| _version_ | 1797600092538011648 |
|---|---|
| author | Jorge Santos Danilo Escobar-Avello Cecilia Fuentealba Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas Julia González-Álvarez Jorge M. Martins Luisa H. Carvalho |
| author_facet | Jorge Santos Danilo Escobar-Avello Cecilia Fuentealba Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas Julia González-Álvarez Jorge M. Martins Luisa H. Carvalho |
| author_sort | Jorge Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the most important by-products generated in the forestry industry is the bark obtained during the debarking process. Pine (<i>Pinus radiata</i> D. Don) and eucalyptus (<i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> L.) are the main important tree species exploited in the Chilean forestry industry. The bark of <i>P. radiata</i> D. Don is an interesting source of extracts, rich in condensed tannins, with potential uses in biopolymer and bioadhesive preparation. Conversely, the <i>E. globulus</i> bark extracts are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with few applications. Nevertheless, the forest industry generates a high volume of these by-products, simultaneously. Then, it is interesting to determine a suitable process for the joint valorization of both forest by-products at a large scale. In this work, alkaline extraction (NaOH and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>) was performed at a pilot scale of a mixture of <i>E. globulus</i> and <i>P. radiata</i> barks prepared at different ratios (0%–100%). The effect of bark mixture composition on the resulting extract’s properties was evaluated. All extracts were characterized according to their chemical composition by FTIR-ATR, MALDI-TOF, and molecular weight distribution (GPC). In addition, the Stiasny number was tested to determine the potential use of extracts in bioadhesive formulation. The self-condensation reaction of resulting extracts was studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Automated Bond Evaluation System (ABES) techniques. Results show a good interaction between condensed and hydrolyzable tannins from both species’ barks. It also demonstrated the potential application of the obtained extracts, for a bark ratio of 50:50, in the formulation of bioadhesives for particleboard manufacture. The obtained product showed a similar performance to that of the bioadhesive formulated with the extract obtained using only <i>P. radiata</i> bark. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:43:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-705fc34bf2954a1ca2fa86892aa5fcdd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:43:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-705fc34bf2954a1ca2fa86892aa5fcdd2023-11-18T01:23:19ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-04-0114589510.3390/f14050895Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture ExtractionJorge Santos0Danilo Escobar-Avello1Cecilia Fuentealba2Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas3Julia González-Álvarez4Jorge M. Martins5Luisa H. Carvalho6ARCP—Associação Rede de Competência em Polímeros, 4200-355 Porto, PortugalUnidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel 4191996, ChileUnidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel 4191996, ChileUnidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel 4191996, ChileDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainLEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalOne of the most important by-products generated in the forestry industry is the bark obtained during the debarking process. Pine (<i>Pinus radiata</i> D. Don) and eucalyptus (<i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> L.) are the main important tree species exploited in the Chilean forestry industry. The bark of <i>P. radiata</i> D. Don is an interesting source of extracts, rich in condensed tannins, with potential uses in biopolymer and bioadhesive preparation. Conversely, the <i>E. globulus</i> bark extracts are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with few applications. Nevertheless, the forest industry generates a high volume of these by-products, simultaneously. Then, it is interesting to determine a suitable process for the joint valorization of both forest by-products at a large scale. In this work, alkaline extraction (NaOH and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>) was performed at a pilot scale of a mixture of <i>E. globulus</i> and <i>P. radiata</i> barks prepared at different ratios (0%–100%). The effect of bark mixture composition on the resulting extract’s properties was evaluated. All extracts were characterized according to their chemical composition by FTIR-ATR, MALDI-TOF, and molecular weight distribution (GPC). In addition, the Stiasny number was tested to determine the potential use of extracts in bioadhesive formulation. The self-condensation reaction of resulting extracts was studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Automated Bond Evaluation System (ABES) techniques. Results show a good interaction between condensed and hydrolyzable tannins from both species’ barks. It also demonstrated the potential application of the obtained extracts, for a bark ratio of 50:50, in the formulation of bioadhesives for particleboard manufacture. The obtained product showed a similar performance to that of the bioadhesive formulated with the extract obtained using only <i>P. radiata</i> bark.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/895MALDI-TOFDMAbiomasstanninspolyphenolsparticleboard |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Santos Danilo Escobar-Avello Cecilia Fuentealba Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas Julia González-Álvarez Jorge M. Martins Luisa H. Carvalho Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction Forests MALDI-TOF DMA biomass tannins polyphenols particleboard |
| title | Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction |
| title_full | Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction |
| title_fullStr | Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction |
| title_short | Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale <i>Pinus radiata</i> and <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Bark Mixture Extraction |
| title_sort | forest by product valorization pilot scale i pinus radiata i and i eucalyptus globulus i bark mixture extraction |
| topic | MALDI-TOF DMA biomass tannins polyphenols particleboard |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/895 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jorgesantos forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction AT daniloescobaravello forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction AT ceciliafuentealba forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction AT gustavocabrerabarjas forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction AT juliagonzalezalvarez forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction AT jorgemmartins forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction AT luisahcarvalho forestbyproductvalorizationpilotscaleipinusradiataiandieucalyptusglobulusibarkmixtureextraction |