Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin
<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since become a serious threat to maize/cereal production on the continent. Current control of the pest relies on synthetic chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact the environment and promote the developm...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/1/18 |
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| author | Crépin T. S. Aniwanou Antonio A. C. Sinzogan Jean M. Deguenon Rachidatou Sikirou David A. Stewart Adam Ahanchede |
| author_facet | Crépin T. S. Aniwanou Antonio A. C. Sinzogan Jean M. Deguenon Rachidatou Sikirou David A. Stewart Adam Ahanchede |
| author_sort | Crépin T. S. Aniwanou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since become a serious threat to maize/cereal production on the continent. Current control of the pest relies on synthetic chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact the environment and promote the development of resistance when used indiscriminately. Therefore, great attention is being paid to the development of safer alternatives. In this study, several biorational products and a semi-synthetic insecticide were evaluated. Two household soaps (“Palmida” and “Koto”) and a detergent (“So Klin”) were first tested for their efficacy against the larvae under laboratory conditions. Then, the efficacy of the most effective soap was evaluated in field conditions, along with PlantNeem (neem oil), Dezone (diatomaceous earth), and Emacot 19 EC (emamectin benzoate), in two districts, N’Dali and Adjohoun, located, respectively, in northern and southern Benin. The soaps and the detergent were highly toxic t second-instar larvae with 24 h lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.46%, 0.44%, and 0.37% for So Klin, Koto, and Palmida, respectively. In field conditions, the biorational insecticides produced similar or better control than Emacot 19 EC. However, the highest maize grain yields of 7387 and 5308 kg/ha were recorded, respectively, with Dezone (N’Dali) and Emacot 19 EC (Adjohoun). A cost-benefit analysis showed that, compared to an untreated control, profits increased by up to 90% with the biorational insecticides and 166% with Emacot 19 EC. Therefore, the use of Palmida soap at 0.5% concentration, neem oil at 4.5 L/ha, and Dezone at 7.5 kg/ha could provide an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable management of <i>S. frugiperda</i> in maize. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:42:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-7067eef2ff614f368ea250987f5755662023-11-21T02:55:49ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502020-12-011211810.3390/insects12010018Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in BeninCrépin T. S. Aniwanou0Antonio A. C. Sinzogan1Jean M. Deguenon2Rachidatou Sikirou3David A. Stewart4Adam Ahanchede5Laboratoire d’Entomologie Agricole (LEAg), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, BeninLaboratoire d’Entomologie Agricole (LEAg), Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, BeninDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7647, 3230 Ligon Street, Raleigh, NC 27695, USALaboratoire de Défense des Cultures (LDC), Centre de Recherches Agricoles d’Agonkanmey, Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), 01 B.P. 884 Cotonou, BeninImerys Filtration Minerals, Inc., Roswell, GA 30076, USALaboratoire de Biologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 B.P. 526 Cotonou, Benin<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since become a serious threat to maize/cereal production on the continent. Current control of the pest relies on synthetic chemical insecticides, which can negatively impact the environment and promote the development of resistance when used indiscriminately. Therefore, great attention is being paid to the development of safer alternatives. In this study, several biorational products and a semi-synthetic insecticide were evaluated. Two household soaps (“Palmida” and “Koto”) and a detergent (“So Klin”) were first tested for their efficacy against the larvae under laboratory conditions. Then, the efficacy of the most effective soap was evaluated in field conditions, along with PlantNeem (neem oil), Dezone (diatomaceous earth), and Emacot 19 EC (emamectin benzoate), in two districts, N’Dali and Adjohoun, located, respectively, in northern and southern Benin. The soaps and the detergent were highly toxic t second-instar larvae with 24 h lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) of 0.46%, 0.44%, and 0.37% for So Klin, Koto, and Palmida, respectively. In field conditions, the biorational insecticides produced similar or better control than Emacot 19 EC. However, the highest maize grain yields of 7387 and 5308 kg/ha were recorded, respectively, with Dezone (N’Dali) and Emacot 19 EC (Adjohoun). A cost-benefit analysis showed that, compared to an untreated control, profits increased by up to 90% with the biorational insecticides and 166% with Emacot 19 EC. Therefore, the use of Palmida soap at 0.5% concentration, neem oil at 4.5 L/ha, and Dezone at 7.5 kg/ha could provide an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable management of <i>S. frugiperda</i> in maize.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/1/18biopesticidesPalmida soapDezonesustainablefall armywormBenin |
| spellingShingle | Crépin T. S. Aniwanou Antonio A. C. Sinzogan Jean M. Deguenon Rachidatou Sikirou David A. Stewart Adam Ahanchede Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin Insects biopesticides Palmida soap Dezone sustainable fall armyworm Benin |
| title | Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin |
| title_full | Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin |
| title_fullStr | Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin |
| title_short | Bio-Efficacy of Diatomaceous Earth, Household Soaps, and Neem Oil against <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Benin |
| title_sort | bio efficacy of diatomaceous earth household soaps and neem oil against i spodoptera frugiperda i lepidoptera noctuidae larvae in benin |
| topic | biopesticides Palmida soap Dezone sustainable fall armyworm Benin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/1/18 |
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