| Summary: | John Lock is one of the most influential philosophers of modern age. In his writings, he claimed that all men were free and equal in front of God, and in that direction he endeavored to rebel the claims that God created men to be subordinate to the will of the monarch. One of his greatest activities consists in precisely setting the basic question of modern philosophy of origin, boundaries and reliability of knowledge, which defines the subject of the theory of knowledge (epistemology). The way he responded to this basic question determines a particular philosophical direction - empiricism. Local political ideas have made remarkable changes both in Europe and the American Revolution. According to Lock, the state is formed by a social contract, but, in contrast to Hobbes, Lock finds that people are by nature good and that the natural state was almost simultaneously, in order to maintain this state of affairs by agreement and voluntarily transfer part of their rights and thus the state arises. Supreme sovereign is not as Hobs states as a nation but a nation. If the state authorities usurp the rights of their citizens and are corrupt, citizens have the right to execute such a power - justifying the right of the people to revolution. He advocates the division of power into the legislative and executive.
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