Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area
User equipment (UE) location estimation in emerging 5G/B5G/6G Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) is a breakthrough technology in future wireless info-communication ecosystems. Apart from communication aspects, network infrastructure densification promises significant improvement in UE positioning accuracy....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/10/2227 |
| _version_ | 1797599196582248448 |
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| author | Grigoriy Fokin Andrey Koucheryavy |
| author_facet | Grigoriy Fokin Andrey Koucheryavy |
| author_sort | Grigoriy Fokin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | User equipment (UE) location estimation in emerging 5G/B5G/6G Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) is a breakthrough technology in future wireless info-communication ecosystems. Apart from communication aspects, network infrastructure densification promises significant improvement in UE positioning accuracy. Unlike networks of previous generations, an increased number of gNodeBs (gNBs) per unit area and/or volume in UDNs allows to perform measurements for UE positioning only with those base stations whose topologies are most suitable from the geometric point of view. Quantitative measurements of gNB topology suitability include horizontal (HDOP), vertical (VDOP), and position (PDOP) dilution of the precision (DOP) criteria on the plane, in height, and in space, respectively. In the current work, we formalize a set of methods for gNB topology search using time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), angle of arrival (AOA), and combined TOA–AOA and TDOA-AOA measurements. The background of the topology search using DOP criteria is a significantly increased number of gNBs per unit volume in UDNs. Based on a simulation, we propose a novel approach for a topology search in a positioning service area, resulting in a PDOP less than one for the Gazprom Arena with only five gNBs. The contribution of the current research includes algorithm and software for an iterative search of all possible gNB and UE locations in space, minimizing UE geometric DOP. The practical application of the algorithm is the gNB topology substantiation for the given positioning scenarios in 5G/B5G/6G UDNs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:32:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-706cc674e0384357833b858746753268 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:32:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-706cc674e0384357833b8587467532682023-11-18T02:17:53ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902023-05-011110222710.3390/math11102227Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service AreaGrigoriy Fokin0Andrey Koucheryavy1Software Defined Radio Laboratory, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Telecommunication Networks and Data Transmission, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint-Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, 193232 Saint Petersburg, RussiaUser equipment (UE) location estimation in emerging 5G/B5G/6G Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs) is a breakthrough technology in future wireless info-communication ecosystems. Apart from communication aspects, network infrastructure densification promises significant improvement in UE positioning accuracy. Unlike networks of previous generations, an increased number of gNodeBs (gNBs) per unit area and/or volume in UDNs allows to perform measurements for UE positioning only with those base stations whose topologies are most suitable from the geometric point of view. Quantitative measurements of gNB topology suitability include horizontal (HDOP), vertical (VDOP), and position (PDOP) dilution of the precision (DOP) criteria on the plane, in height, and in space, respectively. In the current work, we formalize a set of methods for gNB topology search using time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), angle of arrival (AOA), and combined TOA–AOA and TDOA-AOA measurements. The background of the topology search using DOP criteria is a significantly increased number of gNBs per unit volume in UDNs. Based on a simulation, we propose a novel approach for a topology search in a positioning service area, resulting in a PDOP less than one for the Gazprom Arena with only five gNBs. The contribution of the current research includes algorithm and software for an iterative search of all possible gNB and UE locations in space, minimizing UE geometric DOP. The practical application of the algorithm is the gNB topology substantiation for the given positioning scenarios in 5G/B5G/6G UDNs.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/10/22275GB5G6Gdilution of precisionpositioningtopology search |
| spellingShingle | Grigoriy Fokin Andrey Koucheryavy Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area Mathematics 5G B5G 6G dilution of precision positioning topology search |
| title | Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area |
| title_full | Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area |
| title_fullStr | Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area |
| title_short | Algorithm for Topology Search Using Dilution of Precision Criterion in Ultra-Dense Network Positioning Service Area |
| title_sort | algorithm for topology search using dilution of precision criterion in ultra dense network positioning service area |
| topic | 5G B5G 6G dilution of precision positioning topology search |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/10/2227 |
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