EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters
The buck converters can use spread-spectrum technique to ensure the reduction of electromagnetic emissions by distributing the energy around the switching frequency and reducing its amplitude. The switching frequency change causes the output voltage to change which manifests in an unwanted voltage r...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9989363/ |
| _version_ | 1797978290352291840 |
|---|---|
| author | Jurica Kundrata Ivan Skeledzija Adrijan Baric |
| author_facet | Jurica Kundrata Ivan Skeledzija Adrijan Baric |
| author_sort | Jurica Kundrata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The buck converters can use spread-spectrum technique to ensure the reduction of electromagnetic emissions by distributing the energy around the switching frequency and reducing its amplitude. The switching frequency change causes the output voltage to change which manifests in an unwanted voltage ripple. This paper considers a spread-spectrum controller which uses a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) with a programmable divider to generate the changing switching frequency. The programmable divider uses a divider generator to generate the random sequence of dividers and the paper analyses generators based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFRS) and memories. The Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) caused by the buck converter and the output voltage ripple are numerically modelled and then used to optimize divider generators. The results show that the memory-based generator designs have larger influence on EMI levels and duty cycle ripple which makes it more suitable for the co-optimization procedure. The co-optimization procedure results in memory-based designs which offer better performance in terms of EMI and duty cycle ripple compared to the LFSR-based designs. Implementation of the divider generators in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) shows that the memory-based generators have a larger programmable logic footprint. The measurements of the generator designs in a buck converter confirm the estimated relations of the modelled Figures-of-Merit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:21:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-707edee32deb4829ab55952f235684a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:21:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-707edee32deb4829ab55952f235684a72022-12-24T00:00:55ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-011013190913191910.1109/ACCESS.2022.32299729989363EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck ConvertersJurica Kundrata0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-0548Ivan Skeledzija1Adrijan Baric2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-3086Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaThe buck converters can use spread-spectrum technique to ensure the reduction of electromagnetic emissions by distributing the energy around the switching frequency and reducing its amplitude. The switching frequency change causes the output voltage to change which manifests in an unwanted voltage ripple. This paper considers a spread-spectrum controller which uses a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) with a programmable divider to generate the changing switching frequency. The programmable divider uses a divider generator to generate the random sequence of dividers and the paper analyses generators based on Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFRS) and memories. The Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) caused by the buck converter and the output voltage ripple are numerically modelled and then used to optimize divider generators. The results show that the memory-based generator designs have larger influence on EMI levels and duty cycle ripple which makes it more suitable for the co-optimization procedure. The co-optimization procedure results in memory-based designs which offer better performance in terms of EMI and duty cycle ripple compared to the LFSR-based designs. Implementation of the divider generators in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) shows that the memory-based generators have a larger programmable logic footprint. The measurements of the generator designs in a buck converter confirm the estimated relations of the modelled Figures-of-Merit.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9989363/DC-DC converterdigital designspread-spectrumphase-locked loopduty cycle rippleEMI |
| spellingShingle | Jurica Kundrata Ivan Skeledzija Adrijan Baric EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters IEEE Access DC-DC converter digital design spread-spectrum phase-locked loop duty cycle ripple EMI |
| title | EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters |
| title_full | EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters |
| title_fullStr | EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters |
| title_full_unstemmed | EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters |
| title_short | EMI and Voltage Ripple Co-Optimization of a Spread-Spectrum Controller in Buck Converters |
| title_sort | emi and voltage ripple co optimization of a spread spectrum controller in buck converters |
| topic | DC-DC converter digital design spread-spectrum phase-locked loop duty cycle ripple EMI |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9989363/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juricakundrata emiandvoltageripplecooptimizationofaspreadspectrumcontrollerinbuckconverters AT ivanskeledzija emiandvoltageripplecooptimizationofaspreadspectrumcontrollerinbuckconverters AT adrijanbaric emiandvoltageripplecooptimizationofaspreadspectrumcontrollerinbuckconverters |