Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018
HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) can become a public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries where genotypic testing for people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. For first-line regimens to remain effective, levels of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) need to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1992 |
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| author | Nalia Ismael Eduan Wilkinson Isabel Mahumane Hernane Gemusse Jennifer Giandhari Adilson Bauhofer Adolfo Vubil Pirolita Mambo Lavanya Singh Nédio Mabunda Dulce Bila Susan Engelbrecht Eduardo Gudo Richard Lessells Túlio de Oliveira |
| author_facet | Nalia Ismael Eduan Wilkinson Isabel Mahumane Hernane Gemusse Jennifer Giandhari Adilson Bauhofer Adolfo Vubil Pirolita Mambo Lavanya Singh Nédio Mabunda Dulce Bila Susan Engelbrecht Eduardo Gudo Richard Lessells Túlio de Oliveira |
| author_sort | Nalia Ismael |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) can become a public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries where genotypic testing for people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. For first-line regimens to remain effective, levels of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) need to be monitored over time. To determine the temporal trends of TDR in Mozambique, a search for studies in PubMed and sequences in GenBank was performed. Only studies covering the <i>pol</i> region that described HIVDR and genetic diversity from treatment naïve patients were included. A dataset from seven published studies and one novel unpublished study conducted between 1999 and 2018 were included. The Calibrated Population Resistance tool (CPR) and REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool version 3 for sequences pooled by sampling year were used to determine resistance mutations and subtypes, respectively. The prevalence of HIVDR amongst treatment-naïve individuals increased over time, reaching 14.4% in 2018. The increase was most prominent for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), reaching 12.7% in 2018. Subtype C was predominant in all regions, but a higher genetic variability (19% non-subtype C) was observed in the north region of Mozambique. These findings confirm a higher diversity of HIV in the north of the country and an increased prevalence of NNRTI resistance among treatment naïve individuals over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:13:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7090dedb9de147a38d546917cf0e2fe0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:13:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-7090dedb9de147a38d546917cf0e2fe02023-11-23T19:27:44ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-09-01149199210.3390/v14091992Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018Nalia Ismael0Eduan Wilkinson1Isabel Mahumane2Hernane Gemusse3Jennifer Giandhari4Adilson Bauhofer5Adolfo Vubil6Pirolita Mambo7Lavanya Singh8Nédio Mabunda9Dulce Bila10Susan Engelbrecht11Eduardo Gudo12Richard Lessells13Túlio de Oliveira14Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueCentre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South AfricaInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueElizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation in Mozambique, Avenida Agostinho Neto, Maputo 620, MozambiqueDivision of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South AfricaInstituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Estrada Nacional N1, Marracuene 3943, MozambiqueKwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaCentre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South AfricaHIV drug resistance (HIVDR) can become a public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries where genotypic testing for people initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. For first-line regimens to remain effective, levels of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) need to be monitored over time. To determine the temporal trends of TDR in Mozambique, a search for studies in PubMed and sequences in GenBank was performed. Only studies covering the <i>pol</i> region that described HIVDR and genetic diversity from treatment naïve patients were included. A dataset from seven published studies and one novel unpublished study conducted between 1999 and 2018 were included. The Calibrated Population Resistance tool (CPR) and REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool version 3 for sequences pooled by sampling year were used to determine resistance mutations and subtypes, respectively. The prevalence of HIVDR amongst treatment-naïve individuals increased over time, reaching 14.4% in 2018. The increase was most prominent for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), reaching 12.7% in 2018. Subtype C was predominant in all regions, but a higher genetic variability (19% non-subtype C) was observed in the north region of Mozambique. These findings confirm a higher diversity of HIV in the north of the country and an increased prevalence of NNRTI resistance among treatment naïve individuals over time.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1992transmitteddrugresistanceHIVmolecular epidemiologyMozambique |
| spellingShingle | Nalia Ismael Eduan Wilkinson Isabel Mahumane Hernane Gemusse Jennifer Giandhari Adilson Bauhofer Adolfo Vubil Pirolita Mambo Lavanya Singh Nédio Mabunda Dulce Bila Susan Engelbrecht Eduardo Gudo Richard Lessells Túlio de Oliveira Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018 Viruses transmitted drug resistance HIV molecular epidemiology Mozambique |
| title | Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018 |
| title_full | Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018 |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018 |
| title_short | Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999–2018 |
| title_sort | molecular epidemiology and trends in hiv 1 transmitted drug resistance in mozambique 1999 2018 |
| topic | transmitted drug resistance HIV molecular epidemiology Mozambique |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/9/1992 |
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