‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections
Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a lethal disease of citrus caused by several species of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’, a psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited, alpha proteobacteria. ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ is widespread in Florida citrus. The recently published ‘Ca. L. asiaticu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The American Phytopathological Society
2011-04-01
|
| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0256 |
| _version_ | 1811291386531545088 |
|---|---|
| author | Shujian Zhang Zomary Flores-Cruz Lijuan Zhou Byung-Ho Kang Laura A. Fleites Mark D. Gooch Nelson A. Wulff Michael J. Davis Yong-Ping Duan Dean W. Gabriel |
| author_facet | Shujian Zhang Zomary Flores-Cruz Lijuan Zhou Byung-Ho Kang Laura A. Fleites Mark D. Gooch Nelson A. Wulff Michael J. Davis Yong-Ping Duan Dean W. Gabriel |
| author_sort | Shujian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a lethal disease of citrus caused by several species of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’, a psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited, alpha proteobacteria. ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ is widespread in Florida citrus. The recently published ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ psy62 genome, derived from a psyllid, revealed a prophage-like region of DNA in the genome, but phage have not been associated with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ to date. In the present study, shotgun sequencing and a fosmid DNA library of curated ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ UF506, originally derived from citrus symptomatic for HLB, revealed two largely homologous, circular phage genomes, SC1 and SC2. SC2 encoded putative adhesin and peroxidase genes that had not previously been identified in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ and which may be involved in lysogenic conversion. SC2 also appeared to lack lytic cycle genes and replicated as a prophage excision plasmid, in addition to being found integrated in tandem with SC1 in the UF506 chromosome. By contrast, SC1 carried suspected lytic cycle genes and was found in nonintegrated, lytic cycle forms only in planta. Phage particles associated with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ were found in the phloem of infected periwinkles by transmission electron microscopy. In psyllids, both SC1 and SC2 were found only as prophage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:28:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70a0399764194b1eaca0050ee9667452 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:28:36Z |
| publishDate | 2011-04-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-70a0399764194b1eaca0050ee96674522022-12-22T03:02:25ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062011-04-0124445846810.1094/MPMI-11-10-0256‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant InfectionsShujian ZhangZomary Flores-CruzLijuan ZhouByung-Ho KangLaura A. FleitesMark D. GoochNelson A. WulffMichael J. DavisYong-Ping DuanDean W. GabrielHuanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is a lethal disease of citrus caused by several species of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’, a psyllid-transmitted, phloem-limited, alpha proteobacteria. ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ is widespread in Florida citrus. The recently published ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ psy62 genome, derived from a psyllid, revealed a prophage-like region of DNA in the genome, but phage have not been associated with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ to date. In the present study, shotgun sequencing and a fosmid DNA library of curated ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ UF506, originally derived from citrus symptomatic for HLB, revealed two largely homologous, circular phage genomes, SC1 and SC2. SC2 encoded putative adhesin and peroxidase genes that had not previously been identified in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ and which may be involved in lysogenic conversion. SC2 also appeared to lack lytic cycle genes and replicated as a prophage excision plasmid, in addition to being found integrated in tandem with SC1 in the UF506 chromosome. By contrast, SC1 carried suspected lytic cycle genes and was found in nonintegrated, lytic cycle forms only in planta. Phage particles associated with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ were found in the phloem of infected periwinkles by transmission electron microscopy. In psyllids, both SC1 and SC2 were found only as prophage.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0256 |
| spellingShingle | Shujian Zhang Zomary Flores-Cruz Lijuan Zhou Byung-Ho Kang Laura A. Fleites Mark D. Gooch Nelson A. Wulff Michael J. Davis Yong-Ping Duan Dean W. Gabriel ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections |
| title_full | ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections |
| title_fullStr | ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections |
| title_short | ‘Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus’ Carries an Excision Plasmid Prophage and a Chromosomally Integrated Prophage That Becomes Lytic in Plant Infections |
| title_sort | ca liberibacter asiaticus carries an excision plasmid prophage and a chromosomally integrated prophage that becomes lytic in plant infections |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0256 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shujianzhang caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT zomaryflorescruz caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT lijuanzhou caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT byunghokang caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT lauraafleites caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT markdgooch caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT nelsonawulff caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT michaeljdavis caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT yongpingduan caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections AT deanwgabriel caliberibacterasiaticuscarriesanexcisionplasmidprophageandachromosomallyintegratedprophagethatbecomeslyticinplantinfections |