Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a popular engineered wood product due to its innovative properties and rapid development, which involves the use of various wood species and adhesives. This study aimed to assess the effect of glue application on the bonding strength, delamination, and wood fa...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/10/2349 |
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| author | Yusup Amin Renaldi Purnomo Adji Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Naresworo Nugroho Effendi Tri Bahtiar Wahyu Dwianto Lina Karlinasari |
| author_facet | Yusup Amin Renaldi Purnomo Adji Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Naresworo Nugroho Effendi Tri Bahtiar Wahyu Dwianto Lina Karlinasari |
| author_sort | Yusup Amin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a popular engineered wood product due to its innovative properties and rapid development, which involves the use of various wood species and adhesives. This study aimed to assess the effect of glue application on the bonding strength, delamination, and wood failure of CLT made from jabon wood and bonded with a cold-setting melamine-based adhesive at three different rates: 250, 280, and 300 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The adhesive was composed of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) by adding 5% citric acid, 3% polymeric 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), and 10% wheat flour. Adding these ingredients increased the adhesive viscosity and decreased the gelation time. The CLT samples, made using cold pressing in the melamine-based adhesive at a pressure of 1.0 MPa for 2 h, were evaluated as per the standard EN 16531:2021. The results revealed that a higher glue spread resulted in a greater bonding strength, lower delamination, and a higher wood failure. The glue spread was shown to have a more significant influence on wood failure compared with delamination and the bonding strength. The application of 300 g/m<sup>2</sup> glue spread (MF-1) on the jabon CLT led to a product that met the standard requirements. The use of modified MF in cold-setting adhesive produced a potential product that could be a feasible option for future CLT production in terms of its lower heat energy consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:22:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70a2af8abc8841ffb5834ac2367e71e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:22:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-70a2af8abc8841ffb5834ac2367e71e02023-11-18T02:58:49ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-05-011510234910.3390/polym15102349Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based AdhesiveYusup Amin0Renaldi Purnomo Adji1Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis2Naresworo Nugroho3Effendi Tri Bahtiar4Wahyu Dwianto5Lina Karlinasari6Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaCross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a popular engineered wood product due to its innovative properties and rapid development, which involves the use of various wood species and adhesives. This study aimed to assess the effect of glue application on the bonding strength, delamination, and wood failure of CLT made from jabon wood and bonded with a cold-setting melamine-based adhesive at three different rates: 250, 280, and 300 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The adhesive was composed of melamine–formaldehyde (MF) by adding 5% citric acid, 3% polymeric 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), and 10% wheat flour. Adding these ingredients increased the adhesive viscosity and decreased the gelation time. The CLT samples, made using cold pressing in the melamine-based adhesive at a pressure of 1.0 MPa for 2 h, were evaluated as per the standard EN 16531:2021. The results revealed that a higher glue spread resulted in a greater bonding strength, lower delamination, and a higher wood failure. The glue spread was shown to have a more significant influence on wood failure compared with delamination and the bonding strength. The application of 300 g/m<sup>2</sup> glue spread (MF-1) on the jabon CLT led to a product that met the standard requirements. The use of modified MF in cold-setting adhesive produced a potential product that could be a feasible option for future CLT production in terms of its lower heat energy consumption.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/10/2349bonding strengthcitric aciddelaminationjabon woodmelamine-formaldehydepMDI |
| spellingShingle | Yusup Amin Renaldi Purnomo Adji Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Naresworo Nugroho Effendi Tri Bahtiar Wahyu Dwianto Lina Karlinasari Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive Polymers bonding strength citric acid delamination jabon wood melamine-formaldehyde pMDI |
| title | Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive |
| title_full | Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive |
| title_short | Effect of Glue Spread on Bonding Strength, Delamination, and Wood Failure of Jabon Wood-Based Cross-Laminated Timber Using Cold-Setting Melamine-Based Adhesive |
| title_sort | effect of glue spread on bonding strength delamination and wood failure of jabon wood based cross laminated timber using cold setting melamine based adhesive |
| topic | bonding strength citric acid delamination jabon wood melamine-formaldehyde pMDI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/10/2349 |
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