The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity
The innate immune response to infection results in inflammation and oxidative damage, creating a paradox where most anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies can further suppress an already inadequate immune response. We have previously reported the beneficial effects of the exogenous supplementat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/7/1252 |
| _version_ | 1827598219759058944 |
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| author | Brian J. Day Elysia Min Jie Huang Chris Stanley |
| author_facet | Brian J. Day Elysia Min Jie Huang Chris Stanley |
| author_sort | Brian J. Day |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The innate immune response to infection results in inflammation and oxidative damage, creating a paradox where most anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies can further suppress an already inadequate immune response. We have previously reported the beneficial effects of the exogenous supplementation of innate immunity with small pseudohalide thiocyanate (<sup>−</sup>SCN) in a mouse model of a cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection and inflammation. The object of this study was to evaluate the use of <sup>−</sup>SCN as a counter anion for cationic manganese porphyrin (MnP) catalytic antioxidants, which could increase the parent compound’s antioxidant spectrum against hypohalous acids while supplementing innate immunity. The antioxidant activities of the parent compound were examined, as its chloride salt was compared with the <sup>−</sup>SCN-anion exchanged compound, (MnP(SCN) versus MnP(Cl)). We measured the superoxide dismutase activity spectrophotometrically and performed hydrogen peroxide scavenging using oxygen and hydrogen peroxide electrodes. Peroxidase activity was measured using an amplex red assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was assessed using a thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay. The effects of the MnP compounds on macrophage phagocytosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The abilities of the MnP(Cl) formulations to protect human bronchiolar epithelial cells against hypochlorite (HOCl) and glycine chloramine versus their MnP(SCN) formulations were assessed using a cell viability assay. We found that anions exchanging out the chloride for <sup>−</sup>SCN improved the cellular bioavailability but did not adversely affect the cell viability or phagocytosis and that they switched hydrogen-peroxide scavenging from a dismutation reaction to a peroxidase reaction. In addition, the <sup>−</sup>SCN formulations improved the ability of MnPs to protect human bronchiolar epithelial cells against hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and glycine chloramine toxicity. These novel types of antioxidants may be more beneficial in treating lung disease that is associated with chronic infections or acute infectious exacerbations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:46:28Z |
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| id | doaj.art-70b1227299a04dffa1e56086bd4fd3ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:46:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-70b1227299a04dffa1e56086bd4fd3ab2023-12-03T14:33:31ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-06-01117125210.3390/antiox11071252The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate ImmunityBrian J. Day0Elysia Min1Jie Huang2Chris Stanley3Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USADepartment of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USADepartment of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USAHarmony Consulting, San Clemente, CA 92672, USAThe innate immune response to infection results in inflammation and oxidative damage, creating a paradox where most anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies can further suppress an already inadequate immune response. We have previously reported the beneficial effects of the exogenous supplementation of innate immunity with small pseudohalide thiocyanate (<sup>−</sup>SCN) in a mouse model of a cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection and inflammation. The object of this study was to evaluate the use of <sup>−</sup>SCN as a counter anion for cationic manganese porphyrin (MnP) catalytic antioxidants, which could increase the parent compound’s antioxidant spectrum against hypohalous acids while supplementing innate immunity. The antioxidant activities of the parent compound were examined, as its chloride salt was compared with the <sup>−</sup>SCN-anion exchanged compound, (MnP(SCN) versus MnP(Cl)). We measured the superoxide dismutase activity spectrophotometrically and performed hydrogen peroxide scavenging using oxygen and hydrogen peroxide electrodes. Peroxidase activity was measured using an amplex red assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was assessed using a thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay. The effects of the MnP compounds on macrophage phagocytosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The abilities of the MnP(Cl) formulations to protect human bronchiolar epithelial cells against hypochlorite (HOCl) and glycine chloramine versus their MnP(SCN) formulations were assessed using a cell viability assay. We found that anions exchanging out the chloride for <sup>−</sup>SCN improved the cellular bioavailability but did not adversely affect the cell viability or phagocytosis and that they switched hydrogen-peroxide scavenging from a dismutation reaction to a peroxidase reaction. In addition, the <sup>−</sup>SCN formulations improved the ability of MnPs to protect human bronchiolar epithelial cells against hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and glycine chloramine toxicity. These novel types of antioxidants may be more beneficial in treating lung disease that is associated with chronic infections or acute infectious exacerbations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/7/1252manganese porphyrinsthiocyanatehypohalous acidshaloperoxidasesantioxidantsinnate immunity |
| spellingShingle | Brian J. Day Elysia Min Jie Huang Chris Stanley The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity Antioxidants manganese porphyrins thiocyanate hypohalous acids haloperoxidases antioxidants innate immunity |
| title | The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity |
| title_full | The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity |
| title_fullStr | The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity |
| title_short | The Use of Thiocyanate Formulations to Create Manganese Porphyrin Antioxidants That Supplement Innate Immunity |
| title_sort | use of thiocyanate formulations to create manganese porphyrin antioxidants that supplement innate immunity |
| topic | manganese porphyrins thiocyanate hypohalous acids haloperoxidases antioxidants innate immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/7/1252 |
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