Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020
Abstract Respiratory diseases are a health and economic concern for poultry production worldwide. Given global economic exchanges and migratory bird flyways, respiratory viruses are likely to emerge continuously in new territories. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the major pathogens...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01204-7 |
| _version_ | 1797557213625057280 |
|---|---|
| author | Adam Jbenyeni Guillaume Croville Christophe Cazaban Jean-Luc Guérin |
| author_facet | Adam Jbenyeni Guillaume Croville Christophe Cazaban Jean-Luc Guérin |
| author_sort | Adam Jbenyeni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Respiratory diseases are a health and economic concern for poultry production worldwide. Given global economic exchanges and migratory bird flyways, respiratory viruses are likely to emerge continuously in new territories. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the major pathogens involved in respiratory disease in Tunisian broiler poultry and their epidemiology. Between 2018 and 2020, broilers farms in northeastern Tunisia were monitored, and 39 clinically diseased flocks were sampled. Samples were screened for five viral and three bacterial respiratory pathogens using a panel of real-time PCR assays. The reemergence of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in commercial poultry was reported, and the Northern and Western African GI lineage strain was typed. The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) GI-23 lineage and the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B also were detected for the first time in broilers in Tunisia. H9N2 LPAIV was the most detected pathogen in the flocks tested, but rarely alone, as 15 of the 16 H9N2 positive flocks were co-infected. Except for infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), all of the targeted pathogens were detected, and in 61% of the respiratory disease cases, a combination of pathogens was identified. The major combinations were H9N2 + aMPV (8/39) and H9N2 + IBV (6/39), showing the high contribution of H9N2 LPAIV to the multifactorial respiratory diseases. This field survey provided evidence of the emergence of new respiratory viruses and the complexity of respiratory disease in Tunisia. A comprehensive and continuous surveillance strategy therefore is needed to better control respiratory pathogens in Tunisia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:14:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70b3469d24a04ec8ad3b30870ba412fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:14:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-70b3469d24a04ec8ad3b30870ba412fe2023-11-20T10:32:55ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162023-10-0154111410.1186/s13567-023-01204-7Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020Adam Jbenyeni0Guillaume Croville1Christophe Cazaban2Jean-Luc Guérin3IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVTIHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVTCeva Santé Animale S.A.IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVTAbstract Respiratory diseases are a health and economic concern for poultry production worldwide. Given global economic exchanges and migratory bird flyways, respiratory viruses are likely to emerge continuously in new territories. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the major pathogens involved in respiratory disease in Tunisian broiler poultry and their epidemiology. Between 2018 and 2020, broilers farms in northeastern Tunisia were monitored, and 39 clinically diseased flocks were sampled. Samples were screened for five viral and three bacterial respiratory pathogens using a panel of real-time PCR assays. The reemergence of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in commercial poultry was reported, and the Northern and Western African GI lineage strain was typed. The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) GI-23 lineage and the avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B also were detected for the first time in broilers in Tunisia. H9N2 LPAIV was the most detected pathogen in the flocks tested, but rarely alone, as 15 of the 16 H9N2 positive flocks were co-infected. Except for infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), all of the targeted pathogens were detected, and in 61% of the respiratory disease cases, a combination of pathogens was identified. The major combinations were H9N2 + aMPV (8/39) and H9N2 + IBV (6/39), showing the high contribution of H9N2 LPAIV to the multifactorial respiratory diseases. This field survey provided evidence of the emergence of new respiratory viruses and the complexity of respiratory disease in Tunisia. A comprehensive and continuous surveillance strategy therefore is needed to better control respiratory pathogens in Tunisia.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01204-7Mixed infectionspoultryrespiratory disease complexinfluenza A VirusH9N2 LPAIVIBV |
| spellingShingle | Adam Jbenyeni Guillaume Croville Christophe Cazaban Jean-Luc Guérin Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020 Veterinary Research Mixed infections poultry respiratory disease complex influenza A Virus H9N2 LPAIV IBV |
| title | Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020 |
| title_full | Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020 |
| title_fullStr | Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020 |
| title_short | Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020 |
| title_sort | predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus h9n2 in the respiratory co infections in broilers in tunisia a longitudinal field study 2018 2020 |
| topic | Mixed infections poultry respiratory disease complex influenza A Virus H9N2 LPAIV IBV |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01204-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adamjbenyeni predominanceoflowpathogenicavianinfluenzavirush9n2intherespiratorycoinfectionsinbroilersintunisiaalongitudinalfieldstudy20182020 AT guillaumecroville predominanceoflowpathogenicavianinfluenzavirush9n2intherespiratorycoinfectionsinbroilersintunisiaalongitudinalfieldstudy20182020 AT christophecazaban predominanceoflowpathogenicavianinfluenzavirush9n2intherespiratorycoinfectionsinbroilersintunisiaalongitudinalfieldstudy20182020 AT jeanlucguerin predominanceoflowpathogenicavianinfluenzavirush9n2intherespiratorycoinfectionsinbroilersintunisiaalongitudinalfieldstudy20182020 |