Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs
Mycotoxins present a significant health concern within the animal-feed industry, with profound implications for the pig-farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin d...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/629 |
| _version_ | 1797457619068125184 |
|---|---|
| author | Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño Jog Raj Marko Vasiljević Sher Ali Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho Fernando Silva Ramalho Carlos Humberto Corassin Giovana Fumes Ghantous Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira |
| author_facet | Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño Jog Raj Marko Vasiljević Sher Ali Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho Fernando Silva Ramalho Carlos Humberto Corassin Giovana Fumes Ghantous Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira |
| author_sort | Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins present a significant health concern within the animal-feed industry, with profound implications for the pig-farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA), to ameliorate the combined adverse effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs: sum of AFB<sub>1</sub>, AFB<sub>2</sub>, AFG<sub>1</sub>, and AFG<sub>2</sub>), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) at levels of nearly 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/kg, on a cohort of cross-bred female pigs (<i>N</i> = 24). Pigs were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (control, mycotoxins (MTX) alone, MTX + OMC 1.5 kg/ton, MTX + OMC 3.0 kg/ton, MTX + MMDA 1.5 kg/ton, and MTX + MMDA 3.0 kg/ton), each consisting of four individuals, and subjected to a dietary regimen spanning 42 days. The administration of combined AFs, FBs, and ZEN reduced the body-weight gain and increased the relative weight of the liver, while there was no negative influence observed on the serum biochemistry of animals. The supplementation of OMC and MMDA ameliorated the toxic effects, as observed in organ histology, and provided a notable reduction in residual AFs, FBs, and ZEN levels in the liver and kidneys. Moreover, the OMC supplementation was able to reduce the initiation of liver carcinogenesis without any hepatotoxic side effects. These findings demonstrate that the use of OMC and MMDA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of dietary AFs, FBs, and ZEN in piglets. Further studies should explore the long-term protective effects of the studied adsorbent supplementation to optimize mycotoxin management strategies in pig-farming operations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70caa5e1464340279a46f5548c1f2085 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:24:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-70caa5e1464340279a46f5548c1f20852023-11-24T15:09:30ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-10-01151162910.3390/toxins15110629Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned PigsMicheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi0Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño1Jog Raj2Marko Vasiljević3Sher Ali4Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho5Fernando Silva Ramalho6Carlos Humberto Corassin7Giovana Fumes Ghantous8Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira9Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Agriculture and Food Supply of the São Paulo State, Institute of Animal Science and Pastures, Nova Odessa 13460-000, SP, BrazilPatent Co., DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, 24211 Mišićevo, SerbiaPatent Co., DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, 24211 Mišićevo, SerbiaDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, BrazilMycotoxins present a significant health concern within the animal-feed industry, with profound implications for the pig-farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA), to ameliorate the combined adverse effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs: sum of AFB<sub>1</sub>, AFB<sub>2</sub>, AFG<sub>1</sub>, and AFG<sub>2</sub>), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) at levels of nearly 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/kg, on a cohort of cross-bred female pigs (<i>N</i> = 24). Pigs were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (control, mycotoxins (MTX) alone, MTX + OMC 1.5 kg/ton, MTX + OMC 3.0 kg/ton, MTX + MMDA 1.5 kg/ton, and MTX + MMDA 3.0 kg/ton), each consisting of four individuals, and subjected to a dietary regimen spanning 42 days. The administration of combined AFs, FBs, and ZEN reduced the body-weight gain and increased the relative weight of the liver, while there was no negative influence observed on the serum biochemistry of animals. The supplementation of OMC and MMDA ameliorated the toxic effects, as observed in organ histology, and provided a notable reduction in residual AFs, FBs, and ZEN levels in the liver and kidneys. Moreover, the OMC supplementation was able to reduce the initiation of liver carcinogenesis without any hepatotoxic side effects. These findings demonstrate that the use of OMC and MMDA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of dietary AFs, FBs, and ZEN in piglets. Further studies should explore the long-term protective effects of the studied adsorbent supplementation to optimize mycotoxin management strategies in pig-farming operations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/629AFB<sub>1</sub>FB<sub>1</sub>ZENresiduesadsorbentpiglets |
| spellingShingle | Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño Jog Raj Marko Vasiljević Sher Ali Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho Fernando Silva Ramalho Carlos Humberto Corassin Giovana Fumes Ghantous Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs Toxins AFB<sub>1</sub> FB<sub>1</sub> ZEN residues adsorbent piglets |
| title | Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs |
| title_full | Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs |
| title_short | Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs |
| title_sort | efficacy of two commercially available adsorbents to reduce the combined toxic effects of dietary aflatoxins fumonisins and zearalenone and their residues in the tissues of weaned pigs |
| topic | AFB<sub>1</sub> FB<sub>1</sub> ZEN residues adsorbent piglets |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/11/629 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michelimidoridecerqueiracostaaoyanagi efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT fabioenriquelemosbudino efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT jograj efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT markovasiljevic efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT sherali efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT leandranairazambelliramalho efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT fernandosilvaramalho efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT carloshumbertocorassin efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT giovanafumesghantous efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs AT carlosaugustofernandesdeoliveira efficacyoftwocommerciallyavailableadsorbentstoreducethecombinedtoxiceffectsofdietaryaflatoxinsfumonisinsandzearalenoneandtheirresiduesinthetissuesofweanedpigs |