Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Today’s critical goals in sensor network research are extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and lowering power consumption. A WSN necessitates the use of energy-efficient communication networks. Clustering, storage, communication capacity, high configuration complexity, low commu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2788 |
| _version_ | 1827752064541786112 |
|---|---|
| author | Venkatesan Cherappa Thamaraimanalan Thangarajan Sivagama Sundari Meenakshi Sundaram Fahima Hajjej Arun Kumar Munusamy Ramalingam Shanmugam |
| author_facet | Venkatesan Cherappa Thamaraimanalan Thangarajan Sivagama Sundari Meenakshi Sundaram Fahima Hajjej Arun Kumar Munusamy Ramalingam Shanmugam |
| author_sort | Venkatesan Cherappa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Today’s critical goals in sensor network research are extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and lowering power consumption. A WSN necessitates the use of energy-efficient communication networks. Clustering, storage, communication capacity, high configuration complexity, low communication speed, and limited computation are also some of the energy limitations of WSNs. Moreover, cluster head selection remains problematic for WSN energy minimization. Sensor nodes (SNs) are clustered in this work using the Adaptive Sailfish Optimization (ASFO) algorithm with K-medoids. The primary purpose of research is to optimize the selection of cluster heads through energy stabilization, distance reduction, and latency minimization between nodes. Because of these constraints, achieving optimal energy resource utilization is an essential problem in WSNs. An energy-efficient cross-layer-based expedient routing protocol (E-CERP) is used to determine the shortest route, dynamically minimizing network overhead. The proposed method is used to evaluate the packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet delay, throughput, power consumption, network lifetime, packet loss rate, and error estimation, and the results were superior to existing methods. PDR (100%), packet delay (0.05 s), throughput (0.99 Mbps), power consumption (1.97 mJ), network lifespan (5908 rounds), and PLR (0.5%) for 100 nodes are the performance results for quality-of-service parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:09:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70cc0e4df57a45a084e8af800eca3d38 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:09:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-70cc0e4df57a45a084e8af800eca3d382023-11-17T08:39:44ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-03-01235278810.3390/s23052788Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor NetworksVenkatesan Cherappa0Thamaraimanalan Thangarajan1Sivagama Sundari Meenakshi Sundaram2Fahima Hajjej3Arun Kumar Munusamy4Ramalingam Shanmugam5Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore 560045, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641202, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita College of Engineering and Technology, Erachakulam 629901, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641202, Tamilnadu, IndiaToday’s critical goals in sensor network research are extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and lowering power consumption. A WSN necessitates the use of energy-efficient communication networks. Clustering, storage, communication capacity, high configuration complexity, low communication speed, and limited computation are also some of the energy limitations of WSNs. Moreover, cluster head selection remains problematic for WSN energy minimization. Sensor nodes (SNs) are clustered in this work using the Adaptive Sailfish Optimization (ASFO) algorithm with K-medoids. The primary purpose of research is to optimize the selection of cluster heads through energy stabilization, distance reduction, and latency minimization between nodes. Because of these constraints, achieving optimal energy resource utilization is an essential problem in WSNs. An energy-efficient cross-layer-based expedient routing protocol (E-CERP) is used to determine the shortest route, dynamically minimizing network overhead. The proposed method is used to evaluate the packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet delay, throughput, power consumption, network lifetime, packet loss rate, and error estimation, and the results were superior to existing methods. PDR (100%), packet delay (0.05 s), throughput (0.99 Mbps), power consumption (1.97 mJ), network lifespan (5908 rounds), and PLR (0.5%) for 100 nodes are the performance results for quality-of-service parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2788wireless sensor networksensor nodesclusteringcross-layer routingadaptive sailfish optimization |
| spellingShingle | Venkatesan Cherappa Thamaraimanalan Thangarajan Sivagama Sundari Meenakshi Sundaram Fahima Hajjej Arun Kumar Munusamy Ramalingam Shanmugam Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors wireless sensor network sensor nodes clustering cross-layer routing adaptive sailfish optimization |
| title | Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing Using ASFO and a Cross-Layer-Based Expedient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | energy efficient clustering and routing using asfo and a cross layer based expedient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks |
| topic | wireless sensor network sensor nodes clustering cross-layer routing adaptive sailfish optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2788 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT venkatesancherappa energyefficientclusteringandroutingusingasfoandacrosslayerbasedexpedientroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks AT thamaraimanalanthangarajan energyefficientclusteringandroutingusingasfoandacrosslayerbasedexpedientroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks AT sivagamasundarimeenakshisundaram energyefficientclusteringandroutingusingasfoandacrosslayerbasedexpedientroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks AT fahimahajjej energyefficientclusteringandroutingusingasfoandacrosslayerbasedexpedientroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks AT arunkumarmunusamy energyefficientclusteringandroutingusingasfoandacrosslayerbasedexpedientroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks AT ramalingamshanmugam energyefficientclusteringandroutingusingasfoandacrosslayerbasedexpedientroutingprotocolforwirelesssensornetworks |