Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key
The introduction of the biological control agent Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) to control the populations of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) is considered one of the successful programs in biological control. The specie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny |
| Online Access: | https://arthropod-systematics.arphahub.com/article/98141/download/pdf/ |
| _version_ | 1797419225053134848 |
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| author | Ionela-Mădălina Viciriuc Mircea-Dan Mitroiu Richard Robinson Askew Nicolas Ris Lucian Fusu Nicolas Borowiec |
| author_facet | Ionela-Mădălina Viciriuc Mircea-Dan Mitroiu Richard Robinson Askew Nicolas Ris Lucian Fusu Nicolas Borowiec |
| author_sort | Ionela-Mădălina Viciriuc |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The introduction of the biological control agent Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) to control the populations of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) is considered one of the successful programs in biological control. The species was involved in interspecific hybridisation in Japan and the specimens imported into Europe were derived from this hybrid lineage, showing signs of introgression. The discovery of mitochondrial haplotypes or possible Enolase haplotypes from T. beneficus or of specimens with shorter ovipositor does not necessarily imply that T. beneficus is present in Europe, only that the European specimens are of hybrid origin. Of the native European Torymus species associated with D. kuriphilus, the molecular and morphometric results indicate Torymus notatus (Walker) as the closest species to T. sinensis. The two are part of the same species-group (cyaneus group), are nested together in the multivariate ratio analysis and are the closest genetically based on all three nuclear markers: Enolase (1.5% divergence), Wingless (2%) and ITS2 (13%). However, on the mitochondrial marker COI the closest species is Torymus rubi (Schrank) at 9.9% divergence. As such, T. notatus is the most likely candidate for accidental interspecific hybridisation if this is to happen in Europe. We provide an illustrated identification key for the European species of Torymus associated with D. kuriphilus, an important but lacking tool for biological control programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:44:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70d19268f2d4425f914e5daed8966c88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1864-8312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:44:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny |
| spelling | doaj.art-70d19268f2d4425f914e5daed8966c882023-12-03T10:38:16ZengSenckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungArthropod Systematics & Phylogeny1864-83122023-08-018170573010.3897/asp.81.e9814198141Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification keyIonela-Mădălina Viciriuc0Mircea-Dan Mitroiu1Richard Robinson Askew2Nicolas Ris3Lucian Fusu4Nicolas Borowiec5Al. I. Cuza University of IasiAl. I. Cuza University of IasiLe Bourg, St Marcel du PérigordUMR INRAE-CNRS-Université Côte d’AzurAl. I. Cuza University of IasiUMR INRAE-CNRS-Université Côte d’AzurThe introduction of the biological control agent Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) to control the populations of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) is considered one of the successful programs in biological control. The species was involved in interspecific hybridisation in Japan and the specimens imported into Europe were derived from this hybrid lineage, showing signs of introgression. The discovery of mitochondrial haplotypes or possible Enolase haplotypes from T. beneficus or of specimens with shorter ovipositor does not necessarily imply that T. beneficus is present in Europe, only that the European specimens are of hybrid origin. Of the native European Torymus species associated with D. kuriphilus, the molecular and morphometric results indicate Torymus notatus (Walker) as the closest species to T. sinensis. The two are part of the same species-group (cyaneus group), are nested together in the multivariate ratio analysis and are the closest genetically based on all three nuclear markers: Enolase (1.5% divergence), Wingless (2%) and ITS2 (13%). However, on the mitochondrial marker COI the closest species is Torymus rubi (Schrank) at 9.9% divergence. As such, T. notatus is the most likely candidate for accidental interspecific hybridisation if this is to happen in Europe. We provide an illustrated identification key for the European species of Torymus associated with D. kuriphilus, an important but lacking tool for biological control programs.https://arthropod-systematics.arphahub.com/article/98141/download/pdf/ |
| spellingShingle | Ionela-Mădălina Viciriuc Mircea-Dan Mitroiu Richard Robinson Askew Nicolas Ris Lucian Fusu Nicolas Borowiec Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny |
| title | Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key |
| title_full | Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key |
| title_fullStr | Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key |
| title_full_unstemmed | Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key |
| title_short | Torymus sinensis and its close relatives in Europe: a multilocus phylogeny, detailed morphological analysis, and identification key |
| title_sort | torymus sinensis and its close relatives in europe a multilocus phylogeny detailed morphological analysis and identification key |
| url | https://arthropod-systematics.arphahub.com/article/98141/download/pdf/ |
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