Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.)
To optimize irrigation, agronomists need to modulate crop water productivity (CWP) throughout phenology. We compared regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L. var. Blanoro), expecting RDI during vegetative growth (VG)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/917 |
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| author | José Denis Osuna-Amador Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo Armando Trasviña-Castro Romeo Saldívar-Lucio Rufina Hernandez-Martinez Georgianne W. Moore |
| author_facet | José Denis Osuna-Amador Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo Armando Trasviña-Castro Romeo Saldívar-Lucio Rufina Hernandez-Martinez Georgianne W. Moore |
| author_sort | José Denis Osuna-Amador |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To optimize irrigation, agronomists need to modulate crop water productivity (CWP) throughout phenology. We compared regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L. var. Blanoro), expecting RDI during vegetative growth (VG) to enhance CWP, as opposed to flowering (F) and pod-filling (PF) stages. The effects of RDI and SDI on grain yield, plant height, weight, grain caliber, pods and grains per plant, harvest index, and CWP, were tested through a complete randomized block experiment during the years 2020 and 2021, comparing full irrigation (FI, ETc = 100%), SDI (SDI<sub>75</sub>, ETc = 75% during all stages), and six RDI treatments varying in ETc% across phenology: VG<sub>50</sub>, VG<sub>75</sub>, F<sub>50</sub>, F<sub>75</sub>, PF<sub>50</sub>, and PF<sub>75</sub>. VG<sub>75</sub> had higher CWP while minimizing impacts on productivity. During 2020, the plants were taller (0.44 ± 4.4 m), and increased in harvest index (0.47 ± 0.06), and CWP (0.90 ± 0.2 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while in 2021, plants were heavier (11.4 ± 2.8 g) and increased in caliber (46.1 ± 3.0 grains); grain yield did not differ between the years (<i>p</i> ˃ 0.05), reaching 861.8 (2020) and 944.7 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (2021). Our results highlight the relevance of maintaining 100% ETc during flowering, and the maintenance of RDI at 75% ETc during vegetative growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70d601a69aaf45d6bbf817fcdc79d9b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-70d601a69aaf45d6bbf817fcdc79d9b72023-11-17T09:08:09ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-03-0113391710.3390/agronomy13030917Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.)José Denis Osuna-Amador0Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo1Armando Trasviña-Castro2Romeo Saldívar-Lucio3Rufina Hernandez-Martinez4Georgianne W. Moore5Posgrado en Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, MexicoDepartamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE Unidad La Paz), Calle Miraflores No. 334 entre Calle Mulegé y Calle La Paz, La Paz 23050, Baja California Sur, MexicoCONACYT-Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE Unidad La Paz), Calle Miraflores No. 334 entre Calle Mulegé y Calle La Paz, La Paz 23050, Baja California Sur, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, MexicoDepartment of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 4324 Old Register Road, Stateboro, GA 30460, USATo optimize irrigation, agronomists need to modulate crop water productivity (CWP) throughout phenology. We compared regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L. var. Blanoro), expecting RDI during vegetative growth (VG) to enhance CWP, as opposed to flowering (F) and pod-filling (PF) stages. The effects of RDI and SDI on grain yield, plant height, weight, grain caliber, pods and grains per plant, harvest index, and CWP, were tested through a complete randomized block experiment during the years 2020 and 2021, comparing full irrigation (FI, ETc = 100%), SDI (SDI<sub>75</sub>, ETc = 75% during all stages), and six RDI treatments varying in ETc% across phenology: VG<sub>50</sub>, VG<sub>75</sub>, F<sub>50</sub>, F<sub>75</sub>, PF<sub>50</sub>, and PF<sub>75</sub>. VG<sub>75</sub> had higher CWP while minimizing impacts on productivity. During 2020, the plants were taller (0.44 ± 4.4 m), and increased in harvest index (0.47 ± 0.06), and CWP (0.90 ± 0.2 kg m<sup>−3</sup>) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while in 2021, plants were heavier (11.4 ± 2.8 g) and increased in caliber (46.1 ± 3.0 grains); grain yield did not differ between the years (<i>p</i> ˃ 0.05), reaching 861.8 (2020) and 944.7 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (2021). Our results highlight the relevance of maintaining 100% ETc during flowering, and the maintenance of RDI at 75% ETc during vegetative growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/917chickpeacrop evapotranspirationgrain qualitygrain yieldphenologyregulated/sustained deficit irrigation |
| spellingShingle | José Denis Osuna-Amador Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo Armando Trasviña-Castro Romeo Saldívar-Lucio Rufina Hernandez-Martinez Georgianne W. Moore Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Agronomy chickpea crop evapotranspiration grain quality grain yield phenology regulated/sustained deficit irrigation |
| title | Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) |
| title_full | Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) |
| title_short | Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Vegetative Growth Enhances Crop Water Productivity in Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) |
| title_sort | regulated deficit irrigation during vegetative growth enhances crop water productivity in chickpea i cicer arietinum i l |
| topic | chickpea crop evapotranspiration grain quality grain yield phenology regulated/sustained deficit irrigation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/917 |
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